The roughness of snow influences themovement of air across the snow surface and resulting transfers of energy. Here we focus on the roughness of the snowpack surface to determine its range of variability for different snow conditions (e.g., time since last snowfall), across spatial scales that ranged from 0.01 cm (card) tomore than 1000 cm (transect) or more than 5-orders of magnitude, and due ...

Spatial data mining focuses on searching rules of the geographical statement, the structures of distribution and the spatial patterns of phenomena. However, many methods ignore the temporal information, thus, limited results describing the statement of spatial phenomena. This paper focuses on developing a mining method which directly detects spatial-temporal association rules hidden in the geog...

background: a variable resolution x-ray (vrx) ct scanner provides a great increase in the spatial resolution. in vrx ct scanners, the spatial resolution of the system and its field of view (fov) can be changed according to the object size. one of the main factors that limit the spatial resolution of vrx ct scanner is the effect of the x-ray focal spot. materials and methods: a theoretical study...

A sample of 123 radio sources that exhibit significant variations at 1.4 GHz on a seven year base-line has been created using FIRST VLA B-array data from 1995 and 2002 on a strip at δ = 0 near the south Galactic cap. This sample spans the range of radio flux densities from ∼ 2 to 1000 mJy. It presents both in size and radio flux density range a unique starting point for variability studies of g...

: optical separate spatial dark and bright soliton pairs in steady-state case in one dimension, for a series circuit consisting of two-photon photorefractive (pr) crystal are investigated. each crystal can be supported the spatial soliton, and at least one must be photovoltaic. the two solitons are known collectively as separate spatial soliton pairs with dark–dark, bright–dark and bright–brigh...

Background: A variable resolution X-ray (VRX) CT scanner provides a great increase in the spatial resolution. In VRX CT scanners, the spatial resolution of the system and its field of view (FOV) can be changed according to the object size. One of the main factors that limit the spatial resolution of VRX CT scanner is the effect of the X-ray focal spot. Materials and Methods: A theoreti...