Spatial orientation in colonoscopy is difficult. Previous studies have shown that knowledge of shape information is more useful than direction or location information. However, the mechanism of spatial mapping in a non-rigid environment is unknown. It was hypothesized that visual landmarks were used as the primary cue for spatial orientation, as in rigid environments, even when other conflictin...

The force fields used in molecular computational biology are not mathematically defined in such a way that their mathematical representation would facilitate the straightforward application of volume visualization techniques. To visualize energy, it is necessary to define a spatial mapping for these fields. Equipped with such a mapping, we can generate volume renderings of the internal energy s...

Detailed land cover information is valuable for mapping complex urban environments. Recent enhancements to satellite sensor technology promise fit-for-purpose data, particularly when processed using contemporary classification approaches. We evaluate this promise by comparing the influence of spatial resolution, spectral band set and classification approach for mapping detailed urban land cover...

the objective of this study is evaluation of topographic wetness index (twi) using attraction model in northern of fars province. the first attraction model was used to enhance the spatial resolution of digital elevation model (dem). in this research to estimate of value of sub-pixels neighboring pixels, touching and quadrant neighboring models were used. after manufacturing output images for s...

Many organisations such as national mapping agencies have collected large datasets of spatial data, often by digitising existing map series. However, they are discovering that the current and future demands for spatial datasets and mapping do not match the simple data models and unstructured feature data that they have at present. To create the required rich data models and appropriate mapping ...

forest classification on the basis of satellite images is a promising technique both for primary map production and for map updating and forest monitoring. for accurate for-est classification into three classes, using mapping by canopy cover density “high spatial resolution satellite images have to be used in order to obtain the required spatial detail” [schneider, 1999]. at the same time, the ...