The authors examined the organization of visual short-term memory (VSTM). Using a change-detection task, they reported that VSTM stores relational information between individual items. This relational processing is mediated by the organization of items into spatial configurations. The spatial configuration of visual objects is important for VSTM of spatial locations, colors, and shapes. When co...

This study examines the pattern of facial fractures in automotive collisions using the National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System. The database was examined for trends within collision and occupant descriptors among occupants sustaining facial fractures. Drivers and right front passengers were included in an analysis of frontal collisions. Side impacts were assessed separ...

recent increased islamic awakening in many muslim societies, have given a momentum to rise of contextual necessity for islamic culture. as religion and way of life, islam framed in city. city morphology according to islamic ideology has brought interest to the discussion among the specialists and professionals involved in muslim world for many decades, particularly in iran. this goal can be ach...

The third most common facial fractures in children are fractures of the orbit, and the medial wall and floor are the commonest sites affected. The aetiology, clinical presentation, and timing of operation all differ from those of adults. If there are few or no clinical signs, but oculocardiac reflex is present, it is highly suggestive of trapdoor injury. This retrospective study includes all co...

Newer spatial technologies, such as spatio-temporal databases, geo-sensor networks, and other remote sensing methods, require mechanisms to efficiently process spatial data and identify (and in some cases fix) data items that do not conform to rigorously defined spatial data type definitions. In this paper, we propose an O(n lg n) time complexity algorithm that examines a spatial configuration,...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine a mechanism of injury of the forefoot due to impact loads and accelerations as noted in some frontal offset car crashes. METHODS The impact tests conducted simulated knee-leg-foot entrapment, floor pan intrusions, whole-body deceleration, muscle tension, and foot/pedal interaction. Specimens were impacted at speeds of up to 16 m/s. To verif...

Intelligibility as a measure of local-to-global predictability is considered to be highly relevant with respect to the navigability of an environment. Regarding the navigation of individuals one may ask in how far human cognition actively interprets spatial configuration. The idea of “active interpretation” in comparison to mere network effects inspired a virtual reality experiment comparing hu...