introduction: the accuracy of analyzing functional mri (fmri) data is usually decreases in the presence of noise and artifact sources. a common solution in for analyzing fmri data having high noise is to use suitable preprocessing methods with the aim of data denoising. some effects of preprocessing methods on the parametric methods such as general linear model (glm) have previously been evalua...

Spatial prepositions are linguistic tools to exchange information about spatial location of objects. For instance “The book is over the table” indicates that the located object (LO) is somewhere “over” the reference object (RO). Assigning direction to space (selecting a reference frame) is a necessary precursor to understanding where the LO is located. Three experiments are reported which inves...

...........................................................................3 1. Intro/Background...............................................................4 1.1. Conceptual Metaphor: Using the Concrete to Understand the Abstract 1.2. From Space to Time: An Asymmetrical Relationship 1.3. Innovation: A Window into the Space/Time Relationship 2. Methods............................................

Cognitive agents use different strategies to identify relevant spatial information in communication. The chosen strategy depends on the agents’ conceptualization of the spatial situation at hand. This situation is determined by structural and functional aspects that are induced by the environment and the actions performed or intended therein. In this paper, we are interested in conceptualizatio...

This paper describes in outline a method for translating Japanese temporal expressions into English. We argue that temporal expressions form a special subset of language that is best handled as a special module in machine translation. The paper deals with problems of lexical idiosyncrasy as well as the choice of articles and prepositions within temporal expressions. In addition temporal express...

There is much empirical evidence showing that factors other than the relative positions of objects in Euclidean space are important in the comprehension of a wide range of spatial prepositions in English and other languages. We first the overview the functional geometric framework (Coventry & Garrod, 2004) which puts “what” and “where” information together to underpin the situation specific mea...

Spatial prepositions work as pointers to localize objects in space. For instance “The book is over the table” indicates that the located object (LO) is somewhere “over” the reference object (RO). To understand where the LO is people need to assign direction to space (selecting a reference frame). Three experiments are reported which investigated the reference frame conflict between LO and RO. W...

The objective in this paper is to present a framework for a system that describes objects in a qualitative fashion. A subset of spatial prepositions is chosen and an appropriate quantification is applied to each of them that capture their inherent qualitative properties. The quantifications use such object attributes as area, centers, and elongation properties. The familiar zeroth, first, and s...

Spatial-temporal modeling of air pollutants, ground-level ozone concentrations in particular, has attracted recent attention because by using spatial-temporal modeling, can analyze, interpolate or predict ozone levels at any location. In this paper we consider daily averages of troposphere ozone over Tehran city. For eliminating the trend of data, a dynamic linear model is used, then some featu...