BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rhizobitoxine, produced by the legume symbiont Bradyrhizobium elkanii, inhibits cystathionine-beta-lyase (EC 4.4.1.8) in methionine biosynthesis and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACC) in ethylene biosynthesis. Rhizobitoxine production by B. elkanii enhances nodulation of host legumes via the inhibition of ethylene synthesis, but causes foliar chlorosis in susce...

In late 2002, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the agency that regulates field release of genetically engineered (transgenic) plants, found that the biotechnology company ProdiGene, Inc. failed to follow government regulations for growing genetically modified (GM) corn (Zea mays), engineered to produce a specialty pharmaceutical pro...

The glyphosate acetyltransferase (gat) gene from Bacillus licheniformis was subjected to multiple rounds of gene shuffling to optimize kinetics of corresponding GAT proteins to acetylate the herbicide active ingredient glyphosate. Genetically modified soybeans expressing the gat4601 gene (356043 soybeans) are tolerant to the application of glyphosate. The current manuscript reports the outcome ...

In field-grown soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Harosoy), the percentage of N in the xylem as ureides increased with increasing N(2) fixation. During a 9-week collection period, the ureide content varied from 9.0 to 69.2% of the xylary N. Between 9 and 11 weeks (early pod fill), there was a good correlation (r = 0.93) between C(2)H(2) reduction and the per cent N in xylem as ureides. The per c...

Narrow-row soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean rotations results in various distances of soybean rows from previous corn rows, yet little is known about soybean responses to proximity to prior corn rows in no-till systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of preceding corn rows on potassium (K) nutrition and yield of subsequent no-til...

Many decisions in agriculture are made over combinations of inputs and/or practices that may be complements. The presence of complementarity among producer decisions can have deep implications for market outcomes and for the effectiveness of policies intended to influence them. Identifying complementarity relations, however, is a challenging pursuit. Drawing on recent methodological advances, i...

Materials and Methods Varieties selected for the 2005 organic soybean variety trial included the following: IA3017, NC+2FN93, NC+3F43, Schillinger XP304, Schillinger 240F.Y, MRK0431CTB, and Pioneer 9305. Plots measuring 20 × 100 feet were laid out in a completely randomized block design with four replications of each variety. Soybeans were planted at a depth of 2 inches on May 27, 2005, at a ra...

The oxidation of unsaturated lipids by lipoxygenases in soybeans causes undesirable flavors in soy foods. Using a traditional and a nontraditional soy food user group, we examined the cultural difference in perceiving the sensory characteristics of soymilk and tofu produced from soybeans with or without lipoxygenases (Lx123). The two groups described the samples using similar terms. The traditi...

One hundred and seven Limousin or Charolais crossbred steers averaging 234.58 kilograms each were randomly assigned to one of three diets. The first diet contained a commercial supplement to increase the ration's protein level. The second group received a diet fortified with flaked roasted soybeans. The third group was fed a diet containing whole roasted soybeans as a supplemental protein sourc...