CHO cells transfected with high-affinity 5HT receptors were used to detect and identify the release of serotonin from taste buds. Taste cells release 5HT when depolarized or when stimulated with bitter, sweet, or sour tastants. Sour- and depolarization-evoked release of 5HT from taste buds is triggered by Ca2+ influx from the extracellular fluid. In contrast, bitter- and sweet-evoked release of...

Chemotherapy-induced taste disorder is one of the critical issues in cancer therapy. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is a key agent in multiple myeloma therapy, but it induces a taste disorder. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of bortezomib-induced taste disorder and the underlying mechanism in mice. Among the five basic tastes, the sour taste sensitivity of mice was signi...

Sensory panels were trained to identify specific concentrations of sucrose, sodium chloride and citric acid as an intensity level value of 6 on a 15-point scale for flavors of sweet, salty and sour, respectively. Trained panels were exposed to a single concentration of each taste singly, in combinations of 2 and all three at 3 temperatures (3°C, 23°C, 60°C) using concentrations previously ident...

This study was conducted to identify the sourness-suppressing peptides in cooked pork and to clarify the mechanism of sour taste suppression by the peptides. An extract prepared from pork loins vacuum-cooked at 60 degrees C for 6 hours after conditioning at 4 degrees C for 20 days was separated into three fractions: under MW 500 (Fraction I), MW 500-1,000 (Fraction II), and over MW 1,000 (Fract...

This work addresses the problem of designing Turbo odes for non-uniform binary memoryless or independent and identi ally distributed (i.i.d.) sour es over noisy hannels. The extrinsi information in the de oder is modi ed to exploit the sour e redundan y in the form of non-uniformity; furthermore, the onstituent en oder stru ture is optimized for the onsidered non-uniform i.i.d. sour e to furthe...

Currently there are significant amounts of natural gas that cannot be produced and treated to meet pipeline specifications, because that would not be economically viable. This work investigates a bench scale multistage fluidized bed (MSFB) with shallow beds for sour gas removal from natural gas using a commercially available supported amine sorbent. A MSFB is regarded as a promising adsorber ty...

How do invasive pests affect interactions between members of pre-existing agrosystems? The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is suspected to be involved in the aetiology of sour rot, a grapevine disease that otherwise develops following Drosophila melanogaster infestation of wounded berries. We combined field observations with laboratory assays to disentangle the relative roles of both Drosophil...

Sour taste is mediated by acids with the degree of sourness a function of proton concentration. Recently, several members of the acid-sensing ion channel subfamily (ASICs) were cloned from taste cells and proposed to mediate sour taste. However, it is not known whether sour responses in taste cells resemble the responses mediated by ASICs. Using the whole cell patch-clamp technique and Na(+) im...

This study examines the effects of a sour bolus (50% lemon juice, 50% barium liquid) on pharyngeal swallow measures in two groups of patients with neurogenic dysphagia. Group 1 consisted of 19 patients who had suffered at least one stroke. Group 2 consisted of 8 patients with dysphagia related to other neurogenic etiologies. All patients were selected because they exhibited delays in the onset ...

Alternaria brown spot is a serious disease of fruit and foliage of citrus. This disease caused by Alternaria alternata and causes serious economical losses on susceptible cultivars in Iran. In this research, susceptibility of seven citrus cultivars including Fortune, Orlando tangelo, Mineola tangelo, Page, Clementine, Sour orange and Sweet orange (Thomson) fruits to A. alternata was investigate...