The development of a System-of-Systems (SoS) remains a highly challenging endeavor due to the complex interdependencies between systems that often exhibit managerial and operational independence, yet, must work cohesively to achieve an overarching set of capabilities. Current guidelines set forth by the Department of Defense SoS System Engineering guide present SoS SE as a set of seven core ele...

Increasing demand experienced by electric utilities in many parts of the world involving developing country is a normal phenomenon. This can be due to the urbanization process of a system network, which may lead to possible voltage decay at the receiving buses if no proper offline study is conducted. Unplanned load increment can push the system to operate closes to its instability point. Variou...

The Escherichia coli SOS system is a well-established model for the cellular response to DNA damage. Control of SOS depends largely on the RecA protein. When RecA is activated by single-stranded DNA in the presence of a nucleotide triphosphate cofactor, it mediates cleavage of the LexA repressor, leading to expression of the 30(+)-member SOS regulon. RecA activation generally requires the intro...

PURPOSE This study compared the kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint during traditional step-over-step (SOS) and compensatory step-by-step lead-leg (SBSL) and trail-leg (SBST) stair ambulation patterns. METHODS Seventeen (M:9) healthy adults completed five trials of ascent and descent using three different stepping patterns: 1) SBSL, 2) SBST, and 3) SOS. Kinematics and kinetics were coll...

This paper proposes Systems of Systems (SoS) as a conceptual framework to support the creation, evolution and study of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). After reviewing the relationship between SDIs and generic Information Infrastructures (IIs), a comparison of the latter and SoS is presented. The conclusions of this comparison lead us to propose that IIs can be considered as SoS with severa...

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We argue that traditional systems engineering (TSE) is inadequate for engineering complex systems. This inadequacy becomes particularly problematic when the system in question is a System of Systems (SoS) whose behaviour depends on how human users of the component systems, anticipating the consequences of their own behaviour, interact with those systems and with each other. Considering its user...

The symbiotic organisms search (SOS), which has been recently introduced, is a robust powerful metaheuristic global optimizer. This nature-inspired algorithm imitates the symbiotic interaction strategies in an ecosystem exercised by organisms involved in interrelationships to survive and reproduce. One of the main beneficial features of the SOS in contrast to many other competent metaheuristic ...

Aerospace systems are connected with the operational environment and other in general. The focus aerospace product development is consequently shifting from a singular system perspective to System-of-Systems (SoS) perspective. This increasing complexity gives rise new levels of uncertainty that must be understood managed produce solutions for an ever-changing future. paper presents approach usi...

The unitary representation of exact quantum Poincaré mapping is constructed. It is equivalent to the compact representation [19, 22, 23] in a sense that it yields equivalent quantization condition with important advantage over the compact version: since it preserves the probability it can be literally interpreted as the quantum Poincaré mapping which generates quantum time evolution at fixed en...