Duct flows constitute an important category of modern thermal engineering. Optimizing efficiency has become a significant objective in the 21st century in, for example, heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), coolant or heat transfer fluid nuclear power reactor, exchanger design etc., this been achieved by either new materials (improved insulation properties) constituting duct walls, n...

Thermal convection in colloidal suspensions of nanosized particles is investigated. Representative examples for such materials are ferrofluids, but since we do not imply any external magnetic field, the description applies to nonmagnetic suspensions as well. With the grain size being large on molecular length scales, the particle mobility is extremely small, allowing to disregard the concentrat...

We proposed a general formulation of the successive linearization method for solving highly nonlinear boundary value problem arising in rotating disk flow. The problem was studied under the effects of partial slip, thermal diffusion, and diffusion-thermo. The governing fundamental conservation equations of mass, momentum, angular momentum, energy, and concentration are transformed into a system...

The aim of this study is to understand deeper the thermal diffusion transport process (Ludwig-Soret effect) at the microscopic level. For that purpose, the recently developed reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics method was used to calculate Soret coefficients of various systems in a systematic fashion. We studied binary Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluids near the triple point (of one of the compone...

We performed systematic temperature and concentration dependent measurements of the Soret coefficient in different associated binary mixtures of water, deuterated water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, ethanol, acetone, methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and propionaldehyde using the so-called thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering method. For some of the associating binary mixtures s...

i The Soret circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of carbonmonoxy myoglobin dtifers strikingly for the two heme isomers: Aqzl =+90 M-’cm-’ for isomer A, AQ21 = -7 M-’cm-’ for isomer B (Aojula et al., BiochemJ. 250, 853(1988)). This observation implies significant differences in the protein conformation andlor distortions of the heme from planarity between the two isomers. Molecular dynamics simulati...

We have determined the diffusion, thermal diffusion, and Soret coefficients of a poly(dimethyl siloxane)/poly(ethyl-methyl siloxane) (PDMS/PEMS) polymer blend as a function of composition and temperature within the homogeneous phase. The critical slowing down of the diffusion and the corresponding critical divergence of the Soret coefficient are described within the pseudospinodal concept both ...

The Ludwig-Soret effect (that is, thermal diffusion) describes the concentration gradient in a mixture under a temperature gradient. The effect is quantified by the Soret coefficient, which is in turn related to the molecular and thermal diffusion coefficients of a mixture. Thermal diffusion is important in a myriad of applications, such as in petroleum reservoirs, material sciences, oceanograp...

Many of the stability characteristics of horse ferrihemoglobin (Hb+) in acid solutions, such as pH dependence and susceptibility to stabilization by iron ligands, are shared by human ferrihemoglobin, but striking differences between the two proteins exist. The most noticeable is the much greater rate of denaturation of the human protein at all pH values. Other differences include a shift to hig...

It is proposed that xanthophylls, and carotenoids in general, may assist in energy transfer from the chlorophyll Soret band to the Q band. Ground-state (1Ag ) and excited-state (1Bu ) optimizations of violaxanthin (Vx) and zeaxanthin (Zx) are performed in an environment mimicking the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), including the closest chlorophyll b molecule (Chl). Time-dependent density ...