Fantastic Realism is a genre which remind us of Russia and its great writer Dostoevsky. This genre has been developed in Iran among Iranian writers who have been familiar with the books of world literature, especially Russian literature. Fantastic Realism employs and combines reality and imagination, and while it concerns the reality related to human beings, it pictures that kind of reality whi...

This article explains for a general philosophical audience the central issues and strategies in the contemporary moral realism debate. It critically surveys the contribution of some recent scholarship, representing expressivist and pragmatist nondescriptivism (Mark Timmons, Hilary Putnam), subjectivist and nonsubjectivist naturalism (Michael Smith, Paul Bloomfield, Philippa Foot), nonnaturalism...

A single principal interacts with several agents, offering them contracts. The crucial assumption of this paper is that the outside-option payoffs of the agents depend positively on how many “free agents” there are (these are agents who are not under contract). We study how such a principal, unwelcome though he may be, approaches the problem of contract provision to agents when coordination fai...

We study the relationship between fields of transseries and residue fields of convex subrings of non-standard extensions of the real numbers. This was motivated by a question of Todorov and Vernaeve, answered in this paper. In this note we answer a question by Todorov and Vernaeve (see, e.g., [35]) concerning the relationship between the field of logarithmic-exponential series from [14] and the...

A henselian valued field K is called a tame field if its algebraic closure K̃ is a tame extension, that is, the ramification field of the normal extension K̃|K is algebraically closed. Every algebraically maximal Kaplansky field is a tame field, but not conversely. We develop the algebraic theory of tame fields and then prove Ax–Kochen– Ershov Principles for tame fields. This leads to model compl...

Let O be a henselian discrete valuation ring with perfect residue field, G a connected reductive group over k, the quotient field of O. Let S be a maximal k-split torus of G, = (G, S) the corresponding root system. For simplicity, in this introduction we assume that (G, S) is reduced. Fix a point x on the apartment A(G, S) attached to S. According to Bruhat-Tits theory, x determines a filtratio...

T paper proposes an extreme value approach to estimating interest-rate volatility, and shows that during the extreme movements of the U.S. Treasury market the volatility of interest-rate changes is underestimated by the standard approach that uses the thin-tailed normal distribution. The empirical results indicate that (1) the volatility of maximal and minimal changes in interest rates declines...

We generalize certain parts of the theory of group rings to the twisted case. Let G be a finite group acting (possibly trivially) on a field L of characteristic coprime to the order of the kernel of this operation. Let K ⊆ L be the fixed field of this operation, let S be a discrete valuation ring with field of fractions K, maximal ideal generated by π and integral closure T in L. We compute the...

In 1964 A. Garsia gave a stunningly brief proof of a useful maximal inequality of E. Hopf. The proof has become a textbook standard, but the inequality and its proof are widely regarded as mysterious. Here we suggest a straightforward first step analysis that may dispel some of the mystery. The development requires little more than the notion of a random variable, and, the inequality may be int...

A henselian valued field K is called separably tame if its separable-algebraic closure K is a tame extension, that is, the ramification field of the normal extension K|K is separable-algebraically closed. Every separable-algebraically maximal Kaplansky field is a separably tame field, but not conversely. In this paper, we prove Ax– Kochen–Ershov Principles for separably tame fields. This leads ...