The culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using parallel inoculation of a solid culture medium and a liquid broth provides the gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated a chlorhexidine decontamination-MOD9 solid medium protocol versus the standard NALC-NaOH-Bactec 960 MGIT protocol for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by culture. Three-hundred clinical specimens...

Salvia milthiorrhiza root (Danshen) is one of the oldest and most traditional drug of chinese origin, mainly used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. the tanshiniones (diterpenoids) and phenolic acids are the main biological active substances of S. miltiorrhiza. the aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for callus cultures and biosynthesis of the...

Fault tolerance and reliability of distributed systems is often achieved through checkpoint / restart mechanisms. Checkpointing frequency and restart delay crucially depend on data throughput and access performance of the storage medium. In this paper we discuss the opportunity to achieve subsecond checkpointing frequencies and restart delays by substituting magnetic hard disk storage with soli...

SSDs use multiple NAND flash memory chips as storage media and deploy large sized RAM inside it in order to maintain the FTL mapping table. The rest portion of the inner RAM can be used as buffer. The buffer absorbs the read/write requests by file systems and thus the resulting write requests to NAND flash memory is determined by the buffer replacement scheme. The block-level LRU replacement sc...

The effects of vitreous humor and some of its components on the function of rabbit corneal endothelium were investigated and compared to those of artificial and natural aqueous humor. The rate of fluid pumping across the endothelium was measured while that layer was in contact with: (1) complete medium, an artificial aqueous solution; (2) pooled rabbit aqueous humor; (3) filtered and (4) unfilt...

lilium ledebourii (baker) boiss. (liliaceae) is a critically endangered lily species native tonorthern iran, where it is protected by law. in order to develop a cost effective method for largescalepropagation, the effects of three culture systems (solid, liquid and temporary immersion)and two types of cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (ba) and thidiazuron (tdz)] were studied onthe in vitro plant rege...

The antibiotic meroparamycin was produced in the free culture system of Streptomyces sp. strain MAR01. Five solid substrates (rice, wheat bran, Quaker, bread, and ground corn) were screened for their ability to support meroparamycin production in solid-state fermentation. In batch culture, wheat bran recorded the highest antibacterial activity with the lowest residual substrate values. The high...

Chemistry is on the verge of a new era where the attention of chemists has shifted from covalent bonds to noncovalent interactions and their use as a reliable tool to design functional materials and to control the outcome of organic reactions. Although covalent synthesis in fluidic medium via supramolecular control has been achieved with limited success, the organic solid state has been of part...