The present study was designed to establish the form of the dose-response relationship for dietary sodium arsenite as a co-carcinogen with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in a mouse skin model. Hairless mice (strain Skh1) were fed sodium arsenite continuously in drinking water starting at 21 days of age at concentrations of 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/L. At 42 days of age, solar spectrum UVR exp...

Previous studies indicate that crude oil leads to increased pigmentation and erythema (sunburn) in response to sunlight in exposed individuals. However, no information is currently available concerning whether crude oil exposure might enhance the immunosuppressive effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the skin. In order to address this question, the back skin of shaved, female C3H/HeN...

Human skin is constantly directly exposed to the air, solar radiation, environmental pollutants, or other mechanical and chemical insults, which are capable of inducing the generation of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) of our own metabolism. Extrinsic skin damage develops due to several factors: ionizing radiation, severe physical and psychological stress, alcohol intake,...

The Global Solar UV Index was developed as an easyto-understandmeasure of the amount of biologically-effective ambient solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at different locations on the earth’s surface. Over the past few years, questions have been raised about the global applicability of the UV Index, about the evidence base for exposure risk thresholds and related protective measures, and about w...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers occurring in Australia attributable to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the proportion and numbers prevented by regular sun protection factor (SPF) 15+ sunscreen use. METHODS We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and numbers of melanomas and keratinocyte cancers (i.e. basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell ca...

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during childhood reduces the likelihood of developing auto-immune disease, but increases the risk of developing melanoma. As immune suppression is likely to contribute to both of these alterations, we propose that exposure to UVR during the neonatal period modifies development of the immune system. To test this hypothesis, neonatal mice were exposed to a ...

The membrane bound melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), and the endothelin B receptor (ENDBR) are two G-protein coupled receptors that play important roles in constitutive regulation of melanocytes and their response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the main etiological factor for melanoma. The human MC1R is a Gs protein-coupled receptor, which is activated by its agonists α-melanocyte stimulating ho...

We studied the long-term acclimatization of freshwater periphyton communities exposed to low and high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) intensities that simulate UVR doses received by lowland and high-mountain streams of central Europe. To assess changes induced by UVR, we compared the community structure (species and biomass), function (photosynthetic yield), and tolerance to UVR and cadmium of peri...

The aim of our study was to compare serum concentration of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in 105 healthy volunteers before and after exposure to UVR: 25 subjects (10 days of UVB), 55 (10 days of UVB or solar-simulated radiation, followed by acute UVB dose), and 25 (local high dose of UVB). In all the individuals blood samples were analyzed before and after final irradiation by chemi...