Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a climacteric fleshy fruit that undergoes dramatic changes during ripening, most noticeably a severe pulp softening. However, little is known regarding the genetics of the cell wall metabolism in papayas. The present work describes the identification and characterization of genes related to pulp softening. We used gene expression profiling to analyze the correlation...

One of the principal changes that takes place in apples as they ripen on the tree and in storage is the softening of the flesh of the fruit. In recent years many studies have been made on the ripening and storage of apples (iO),^ and in these the softening of the fruit has been given major consideration. In general, it has been found that there is a gradual, though somewhat irregular, softening...

We study the soft mode along the critical line in the phase diagram with the tricritical point, using the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. At the critical point with finite quark mass, the ordering density becomes a linear combination of the scalar, quark number and energy densities, and their susceptibilities diverge with the same exponent. Based on the conservation law, it is argued that the diverge...

Road construction is an important part of economic development, and the most pressing problem improving quality road surfaces. pavements are a combination mineral fillers bitumen, in which bitumen used as durable waterproof binder. Bitumen modification can improve by increasing plasticity interval, adhesion to metal materials, resistance aging, expanding operating temperature range. Softening p...

Shear instabilities in the form of shear bands are often observed during high speed, plastic deformations of metals. According to one theory, their formation is attributed to eeective strain-softening response, which results, at high strain rates, as the net outcome of the innuence of thermal softening on the, normally, strain-hardening response of metals. In order to test the core instability ...

The objective of the paper is modeling of material softening after the deformation. The main problem of almost every model with digital material representation is consideration of recrystallization as the only mechanism of material softening. Static recovery is introduced into the model based on frontal cellular automata. An influence of static recovery on softening process is twofold. Static r...

Modeling of the evolution of distributed damage such as microcracking, void formation, and softening frictional slip necessitates strain-softening constitutive models. The nonlocal continuum concept has emerged as an effective means for regularizing the boundary value problems with strain softening, capturing the size effects and avoiding spurious localization that gives rise to pathological me...