There is debate concerning the most effective conservation of marine biodiversity, especially regarding the appropriate location, size, and connectivity of marine reserves. We describe a means of establishing marine reserve networks by using optimization algorithms and multiple levels of information on biodiversity, ecological processes (spawning, recruitment, and larval connectivity), and soci...

This paper reports on a study of trends in marital age homogamy in China from 1960 to 2005 that uses data from the China 2005 1% Population Inter-census Survey. Instead of a consistent increase in age homogamy, results show an inverted U-shaped trend. One plausible explanation is that intensified economic pressure, rising consumerism, and a shrinking gender gap in education during the post-1990...

PURPOSE Due to population aging, the need for long-term institutional care is increasing. We study the potentially modifiable sociodemographic factors that affect the rate of entry into and exit from long-term care. DESIGN AND METHODS A 40% sample from the population registration data of Finns aged 65 and older living in private households at the end of 1997 (n = 280,722) was followed for fir...

Chronic pain is present in epidemic proportions in most countries, is often unrelieved, and has a huge socioeconomic impact. It is not just a "medical" illness but indeed is a problem that faces all healthcare professional fields. Several steps are identified to address this crisis. These include approaches to enhance pain awareness and access to timely and effective care for pain, and educatio...

background: not only the expand development of knowledge for reducing risk factors, but also the improvement in early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and socioeconomic inequalities could affect cancer incidence, diagnosis stage, and mortality. the aim of this study was investigation the relationships between family levels of socioeconomic status and distribution of breast cancer risk factors...

background: socioeconomic status and demographic factors, such as education, occupation, place of residence, gender, age, and marital status have been reported to be associated with obesity. we conducted a systematic review to summarize evidences on associations between socioeconomic factors and obesity/overweight in iranian population.   methods : we systematically searched international datab...

abstract introduction connection of socioeconomic status measures (such as income and education and parental addiction) to childhood leukemia are likely to vary with place and time. the aim of this study was to assess the relation between socioeconomic status and childhood leukemia. materials and methods a case- control study conducted on 86 case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia age 0-14 years i...