this paper presents pluralism as a historical process. the term pluralism frequently appears not only in the field of political philosophy but also in social sciences. in one sense, the growing literature is stimulating and enriching, nevertheless the abundance of material attempting to explain the various interpretations of pluralist theory can be convoluted and overwhelming. despite the const...

This article presents an analysis of cultural/actors influencing the career choices of women in the IT workforce. We employ the individual differences theory ofgender and IT as a theoretical lens to analyze a qualitative data set ofinterviews with 200 women in/our different countries. The themes that emerged from this analysis speak to the influence ofcultural attitudes about maternity, childca...

Combining a system dynamics and agent based modeling approach, we formalize a simulation framework of the Human Development (HD) perspective. We first capture the core logic of HD theory in a asymmetric, coupled nonlinear system with empirically validated parameters from World Values Survey (WVS) data. Using evolutionary game theory, second we fuse these endogenously derived individual socio-ec...

This paper advances a scheme that proposes how curriculum goals and content might be conceptualised for vocational education. The scheme is founded in socio-historical activity theory. An account of the social sources of vocational knowledge (sociogeneses) comprising history, culture and situation is discussed to illuminate how both the canonical requirements of vocational practice and its mani...

improving employment opportunities for people and reducing the economic burden on government requires a broad and concentrated effort on private sectors.  private sector growth is a key engine for creation jobs. the major advantage of private sector is its employment potential at low capital cost. these sectors are the nursery of entrepreurship, often driven by individual creativity and innovat...

based on a gender equity perspective and within a pluralistic civil society, women should have equal rights for presence in and use of urban open spaces. despite this, various factors decrease their presence including inappropriate design of space, as well as socio-cultural obstacles. since women’s major place of presence and activity has traditionally been in or near home, neighborhood open sp...

housing can be considered as one of the most important needs of each family and the provision ofsuitable housing for people has always been considered as one of the indicators of progress in any country. because ofthe specific attitude to the issue of housing in iran, in other words, turning it into an investment, the major part of thehouseholds' income has been accounted for housing. given the...

housing can be considered as one of the most important needs of each family and the provision ofsuitable housing for people has always been considered as one of the indicators of progress in any country. because ofthe specific attitude to the issue of housing in iran, in other words, turning it into an investment, the major part of thehouseholds' income has been accounted for housing. give...

This paper argues that there is a general absence of democratic theory in African political scholarship in terms of providing the underlying principles, meaning, canons and criteria of democracy in African culture. The paper exposes the conceptual errors implicit in the conflation of democracy as a concept and as practiced in different political systems. Consequently, it contends that an eclect...

Since it is quite difficult in traditional learning atmospheres for the learners to be exposed to the target language adequately in foreign language acquisition, CALL in which virtual environment is designed in more appropriate way has given rise. Two main paradigms, cognitive model and socio-cultural theory, have also been adopted in CALL. Moreover, rather than applying one theory, combination...