Social protection is particularly important for children, in view of their higher levels of vulnerability compared to adults, and the role that social protection can play in ensuring adequate nutrition, access to and utilization of social services. While existing evidence shows that social protection programmes successfully address several dimensions of child well-being – often in an indirect w...

In spite of legislation establishing health as a universal right, exclusion form social protection in health remains a major problem in the Americas. Structural characteristics of the systems contribute to the situation. Measuring the phenomenon is a challenge due to its multicausal nature. To asses its importance several indicators are developed, which show that at last 20% of the population (...

This paper presents data and analysis on the antipoverty effectiveness of safety nets in eight rich nations using data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). We find that national safety nets are quite varied and that the most expensive ones (in terms of budgetary cost) are also the most effective. The paper concludes with some suggestions for the construction of effective safety nets in devel...

Does Employment Protection Reduce the Demand for Unskilled Labor? Perhaps it does. We propose a model in which workers with little education or in the tails of the age distribution – the inexperienced and the old – have more chance of job failure (mismatch). Recruits’ average education should then increase and the standard deviation of starting age decrease when strict employment protection rai...

This paper reviews the results of social protection programmes which aim for beneficiaries to graduate out after they reach a certain level of assets or time. It explores whether people who graduate from the programmes are lifted sustainably out of poverty, and what changes they experience in their lives and livelihoods. The first part of the report reviews general lessons about how graduation ...

The majority of economic decisions are forward looking and thus involve expectations of future outcomes. Understanding the expectations that individuals have is thus of crucial importance to designing and evaluating policies in health, education, finance, migration, social protection, and many other areas. However, the majority of developing country surveys are static in nature and many do not ...

D igital content is easy to generate, transfer, and reproduce. Although this makes the technology attractive and has brought about its proliferation, it has also become a major source of ownership-information violations with respect to either copyright or the privacy of individuals and businesses. With the increasing amount of readily available digital content and the resulting constant reducti...

The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. ' 2007 by Alexander Muermann and Howard Kunreuther. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including ' notice, is given to the source. ABSTRACT We study...

Since independence, Senegal has been highly reliant on international markets to meet its food needs, and this tendency has only increased with rapid levels of urbanization in recent decades. Poor domestic cereal harvests prior to 2007 exacerbated this import-dependence during a time of high global food prices, resulting in the cost of rice increasing by more than 100 per cent between January 20...