Recently, Blanchard and Kremer (BK) argued that disorganization has led to the output decline in the former Soviet Union. In this paper we introduce liquidity and credit constraints into the BK model and show how these problems can alleviate the hold-up problem. We argue further that barter creates a hostage which allows to deal with disorganization when credit enforcement is prohibitively cost...

Abstract The paper aims at providing an overview of hate crimes through interdisciplinary lens based not only on theories but also empirical research results. first deals with the central components crimes: prejudice and aggression. Not classical social-psychological these phenomena are discussed some newer ones. As do occur in a vacuum, next chapter social, political, cultural context factors ...

This study aims to contribute understanding urban spatial and temporal patterns of social disorganization homicide rates in São Paulo, Brazil (2000–2015). Using exploratory data analysis panel regression techniques, we describe spatial-temporal assess what extent can explain between-district variation trajectories. The results showed some the pattern decline across districts, less disorganized ...

In this paper we develop and test an encompassing theoretical framework for the explanation of the geographical and temporal spread of extreme right violence. This framework combines internal precipitating factors related to ethnic competition, social disintegration, and political opportunity structures, which make certain localities more prone to exhibit ethnic violence, with diffusion variabl...

BACKGROUND There is considerable variation in progressive brain volume changes in schizophrenia. Whether this is related to the clinical heterogeneity that characterizes the illness remains to be determined. This study examines the relationship between change in brain volume over time and individual variation in psychopathology, as measured by five continuous symptom dimensions (i.e. negative, ...