Detection of both scene text and graphic text in video images is gaining popularity in the area of information retrieval for efficient indexing and understanding the video. In this paper, we explore a new idea of classifying low contrast and high contrast video images in order to detect accurate boundary of the text lines in video images. In this work, high contrast refers to sharpness while lo...

In this paper we are extracting feature of handwritten and ISM printed characters of devanagri script. we are extracting Gradient feature of the devanagari script ,for that we are using two operators i.e. Sobel and Robert operator respectively . Here we are computing gradient in 8,12,16,32 directions and getting different feature vectors respectively. We are using each directional vector separa...

It has been frequently noted that successful language use depends on the interlocutors’ higher-order beliefs. David Lewis [21], for example, informally introduces common knowledge as part of his account of language as a convention. We, instead, formally model and study the effects of higher-order uncertainty about language. We find that in common-interest communication games higher-order uncert...

The problem is to find the largest observation (or the q largest observations) in a random sample of size n by asking binary-type questions of people (or items) in the sample. At each stage of the search, a threshold is calculated and a binary-type question is posed to each member of the sample. This question is of the form “Is your Observation greater than the threshold?” The threshold is dete...

This paper characterizes the set of Nash equilibria in the second-price sealed-bid auction with independent private values and three or more bidders. In addition, we show that any effective reserve price implies uniqueness. ∗We are grateful to Georgios Katsenos, Joel Sobel, an anonymous referee, and the associate editor for comments. Blume thanks the WZB, where this paper was written, for its h...

Lei Zhou 4 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 5 Key Lab of Ocean Dynamic Processes and Satellite Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, China 6 7 Adam H. Sobel 8 Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics 9 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 10 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 11 Columbia University, New York, NY 12 13 Raghu Murtugudde 14 Earth Syst...

Theorists examining children’s understanding of the mind have been particularly interested in pretence as it may be a marker for early understanding of mental representation (Leslie, 1987). Although Lillard (1993a, 1996) found that children appeared not to understand that pretence involves mental representation or even the mind, Lillard and Sobel (1999) showed that for certain types of pretence...

Medical image enhancement is one of the most widely used medical processing techniques in domain. Its purpose to improve visual effect and facilitate analysis understanding by human or machine. The Laplace transform Sobel gradient operator are two common ways performing edge detection, sharpening enabling be enhanced. However, each has limitations when isolation. a good detection effect, but it...

Detection of edges in an image is a very important step towards understanding image features. Since edges often occur at image locations representing object boundaries, edge detection is extensively used in image segmentation when images are divided into areas corresponding to different objects. This can be used specifically for enhancing the tumor area in mammographic images. Different methods...