The Arctic seasonal snowpack can extend at times over a third of the Earth's land surface. This chemically dynamic environment interacts constantly with different environmental compartments such as atmosphere, soil and meltwater, and thus, strongly influences the entire biosphere. However, the microbial community associated with this habitat remains poorly understood. Our objective was to inves...

sooty mold fungi are often associated with honeydew which insects secrete while feeding on the plant. a great variety of these fungi occur in the north of iran, especially on citrus ssp which is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in this region. during last 10 years, several collections of these fungi examined and 15 species have been recorded. in this paper seven previously unreport...

Estuary basin is a fertile area which has important role for sustaining many organisms from estuary and sea. Mould and other saprobic microorganisms have important role to decomposing organic material in estuary water. A study on diversity and abundance of mould inhabiting Muara Layang estuary sediment, Bangka Belitung Islands has not been conducted before. The objective of this study is to inv...

The mountain pine beetle (MPB), the most serious pest of lodgepole pine in mountainous western Canada, spread northeastward into lodgepole · jack pine hybrids in the boreal forest of Alberta in 2006. The MPB vectors three species of blue-stain fungi, which contribute to the success of the beetles. These fungi were isolated from MPB larvae and galleries in several lodgepole · jack pine stands in...

Ostriches are susceptible to bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases. One of the most commonstrategies to reduce microbial contamination in animal production systems is to identify microbesources. In this regard, a first critical component for comprehensive farm-to-fork strategies to reducethe burden of foodborne illness is the identification of the pathogenic fungi in foodstuffs with animalso...

Climate change may disrupt interspecies phenological synchrony, with adverse consequences to ecosystem functioning. We present here a 40-y-long time series on 10,425 dates that were systematically collected in a single Russian locality for 97 plant, 78 bird, 10 herptile, 19 insect, and 9 fungal phenological events, as well as for 77 climatic events related to temperature, precipitation, snow, i...

Snow cover area is one of the most important criteria to calculate snow melt runoff. This can have an effect on the biology of the plant and the environment of a region. Using the catchment basin physical characteristic to calculate snow cover area is a conventional method, though its accuracy is not good enough. Most of the useful methods in calculating snow cover area are based on satellite i...