Background: One of the most remarkable processes during spermatogenesis is the drastic change in gene expression. It has been recently proposed that small RNAs such as micorRNAs (miRNAs) contribute a great deal of function in regulation of the gene expression in sperm. Alterations in miRNAs function prove to be detrimental to proper spermatogenesis. As many patients suffer from idiopathic infer...

Mumps virus (MuV), a rubulavirus of the paramyxovirus family, causes acute infections in humans. MuV has seven genes including a small hydrophobic (SH) gene, which encodes a type I membrane protein of 57 amino acid residues. The function of the SH protein is not clear, although its expression is not necessary for growth of MuV in tissue culture cells. It is speculated that MuV SH plays a role i...