The dispersion and initial transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts from fecal pats were investigated during artificial rainfall events on intact soil blocks (1,500 by 900 by 300 mm). Rainfall events of 55 mm h(-1) for 30 min and 25 mm h(-1) for 180 min were applied to soil plots with artificial fecal pats seeded with approximately 10(7) oocysts. The soil plots were divided in two, with one side de...

An analytic calculation of the surface current and selected mound angle is presented for the case of irreversible epitaxial growth on an fcc 111 surface with a finite Ehrlich-Schwoebel ES barrier. The special cases of short terraces and combinations of short terraces with facets which lead to large mound slopes are also discussed. We find that for both A and B steps the surface current and sele...

The analysis of the gas in a single expirate has long been used to estimate the degree of ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) inequality in the lung. To further validate this estimate, we examined three measures of Va/Q inhomogeneity calculated from a single full exhalation in nine anesthetized mongrel dogs under control conditions and after exposure to aerosolized methacholine. These measurements wer...

there are technical and theoretical knowledge of the gully, ditch the clean areas on topographic maps and digital models that will help. however, the ability to use maps (dem) to identify the location and frequency of gully requires knowledge about the process of creating a moat.the present study modeled gulliation prone areas in dyreh river basin done. materials and methods used in this resear...

gully erosion constitutes a major problem in natural resources management and soil conservation, which causes severe land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas. therefore, determination of gully prone area and identification of gully conditioning factors can help to managers and decision makers to reduce the hazard of gully erosion. the aim of this study is to predictthe gully erosion suscept...

The relationships between beam attenuation spectra, chlorophyll and pheophytin pigment concentrations, and particle size distributions are examined for a coastal region (Monterey Bay area) believed to have negligible concentrations of terrestrially derived dissolved organic compounds (during May 1977) but large quantities of phytoplankton and resuspended sediments. It was found that the slope o...

It is widely known that rainfall induces a rise of the groundwater level and an decrease in matric suction (negative pore water pressure) that results in slope failure. However, in many situations where shallow failures are concerned, it has been noted that there is not much evidence of a rise in the groundwater level sufficient to trigger the observed slope failures. Instead, the failures have...

Diversity and community patterns of macro- and megafauna were compared on the Canadian Beaufort shelf and slope. Faunal sampling collected 247 taxa from 48 stations with box core and trawl gear over the summers of 2009-2011 between 50 and 1,000 m in depth. Of the 80 macrofaunal and 167 megafaunal taxa, 23% were uniques, present at only one station. Rare taxa were found to increase proportional ...

In this human study, the effect of the slope changes in moving surfaces on four muscle fatigue cases of lower limbs was investigated using surface electromyography. Zero, 10 and 20 degree slopes of a treadmill with a fixed speed of 5 km/h were used. Seven mature men were selected. Each man walked on the treadmill at each slope for five minutes. Then, muscle signals were recorded before and afte...

Strength reduction finite element method (SRFEM) has been widely used to analyze the slope stability. Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) is yielded as the slope Factor Of Safety (FOS) when a running-though shear failure zone comes into being, in which the Plastic Element EQuivalent strain (PEEQ) is employed as the judgment of shear failure initiation in this paper. Moreover, the filed variable is ...