BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The advice that an adequate vitamin D status can be achieved by short, casual exposure to summer sunlight is ubiquitous. This review will examine the value of this advice. METHODS The results of experimental studies on changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations following ultraviolet exposure are interpreted in the context of human exposure to sunlight. ...

The real driving emission (RDE) testing for certification of vehicles is performed in conditions that are well defined legislation. For emissions inventories and research, the influences some extended on an interesting issue. In present work, examples RDE results from two common passenger cars with gasoline diesel propulsion given. varying were “winter/summer”, “mild/aggressive”, “higher altitu...

Abstract The water saving lock layout plays a key role in addressing the navigation hydraulic problems with high dams. However, study of propagation and development nonlinear long waves induced by ship-lock operation basin has received less attention so far. Specially, mechanisms governing formation secondary impact these on impoundments are still not fully understood. In present entire evoluti...

1 Health Technology Assessment Unit, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 International Health Foundation, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3 Department of General Practice, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4 Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU Univer...

this study was conducted to investigate the type and origin of clay minerals via several profiles in lordegan hilly lands. the profiles were located in two kinds of land uses including forest and dry farm at different slope positions as sampling sites. the soil saples were collected from two depths of soil horizons to indicate cec, soil texture, oc%, calcium carbonate equivalent, x-ray diffract...

This interlaboratory study on determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in serum involved 15 laboratories in eight European countries. All could distinguish between normal (50 +/- 31 nmol/L, mean +/- SD) and grossly increased concentrations, but for eight laboratories the results for serum samples with low and normal 25-OH-D content overlapped. In general, values were well reproducible, bu...

We analyze the internal spatial wage and employment structures of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia, using regional data for 1996-2000. A new economic geography model predicts wage gradients and specialization patterns that are smoothly related to regions’ relative market access. As an alternative, we formulate a “Comecon hypothesis”, according to which wages and sector...

In the last two decades, German major cities have shown an impressive comeback as places to live and work. Using case of Germany’s 33 largest in terms population employment their functional hinterland, this study identifies characterised by above-average growth processes(“boom”) how “boom” effects cities’ hinterlands. A distinction these “spillover effects” is made between “slop over sense subu...

The establishment of efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is great value but also challenging. Herein, a durable metal–organic framework (MOF) with minor atomically dispersed ruthenium and an optimized electronic structure constructed as electrocatalyst. Significantly, the obtained NiRu0.08-MOF doping Ru only needs overpotential 187 mV at 10 mA cm?2 Tafel slop 40 dec?1 in 0.1 M KOH for r...