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Skeletal muscle tone is modulated in a stereotypical pattern across the sleep-wake cycle. Abnormalities in this modulation contribute to most of the major sleep disorders; therefore, characterizing the neurochemical substrate responsible for transmitting a sleep-wake drive to somatic motoneurons needs to be determined. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that modulates motoneuron excita...

Small molecules have been used since antiquity to regulate our sleep. Despite the explosion of diverse drugs to treat problems of too much or too little sleep, the detailed mechanisms of action and especially the neuronal targets by which these compounds alter human behavioural states are not well understood. Research efforts in model systems such as mouse, zebrafish and fruit fly are combining...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to assess the impact of nocturia on sleep in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) (nocturia≥2). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING 798 urologists and general practitioners randomly selected from the overall population of urologists and general practitioners of every French region. PARTICIPANTS A ...

(Section numbers run consecutively through Parts I and II) 9.0 Introduction 10.0 CRSDs and Molecular Genetics 11.0 Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD) 11.1 Diagnostic Issues 11.2 Risk Factors 11.2.1 Age 11.2.2 Gender 11.2.3 Light Exposure 11.3 Assessment Tools 11.3.1 Sleep Logs and Actigraphy 11.3.2 Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) 11.3.3 Polysomnography (PSG) 11.3.4 Phase Markers 1...

Sleep restriction and circadian clock disruption are associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The metabolic pathways involved in human sleep, however, have yet to be investigated with the use of a metabolomics approach. Here we have used untargeted and targeted liquid chromatography (LC)/MS metabolomics to examine the effect of acute sleep deprivati...

An association between circadian clock function and mood regulation is well established and has been proposed as a factor in the development of mood disorders. Patients with depression or mania suffer disturbed sleep-wake cycles and altered rhythms in daily activities. Environmentally disrupted circadian rhythms increase the risk of mood disorders in the general population. However, proof that ...

It is becoming increasingly apparent that sleep plays an important role in the maintenance, disease prevention, repair, and restoration of both mind and body. The sleep and wake cycles are controlled by the pacemaker activity of the superchiasmic nucleus in the hypothalamus but can be disrupted by diseases of the nervous system causing disordered sleep. A lack of sleep has been associated with ...

Background: Exact determination between children's sleep habits and their growth could help us to prevent this risk factor of children's growth disorders. Thus this research was performed to investigate the correlation between sleep habits and growth of preschool children in Ahvaz- Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data was obtained by using available sampling from...

OBJECTIVES To test the effects of walking, light exposure, and a combination intervention (walking, light, and sleep education) on the sleep of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN Randomized, controlled trial with blinded assessors. SETTING Independent community living. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-two people with AD and their in-home caregivers. INTERVENTIONS Participants ...