Sleep apnea is a clinical condition characterized by cessation of breathing in the sleeper due to pharyngeal airway closure. The reduction air exchange results decreased cerebral blood circulation with consequential behavioral deficits cognitively and emotionally. Untreated sleep associated chronic illnesses depression, cardiovascular disorder, obesity diabetes mellitus. Measured cognitive beha...

Post-traumatic stress disorder is related to a wide range of medical problems, with a majority of neurological, psychological, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, as well as sleep disorders. Although the majority of studies reveal the association between PTSD and sleep disturbances, there are few studies on the assessment of sleep disruption among veterans with PT...

Sleep-disordered breathing comprises alterations in respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth that present during sleep and may or may not be recognizable in breathing during wakefulness. Primary disorders include repetitive apneas, near apneas (hypopneas), or reductions in overall ventilation during sleep (hypoventilation), all of which lead to reductions in pulmonary gas exchange resulting in arous...

This paper, intended to provide useful insights for the clinical management of sleep disturbances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), presents a critical, updated overview of the most relevant studies on the prevalence, etiopathophysiology and treatment strategies of sleep problems associated with ADHD, including restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements in sleep, sleep-on...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be a serious and potentially fatal breathing disorder if left untreated leading to heart arrhythmias, heart failure, high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes [1-5]. This disorder causes a person to experience pauses in breathing due to collapse or blockage of the upper airway during sleep [3,5]. The true cause of OSA can be one or a multiple of the following: t...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with disordered or disturbed sleep. The relationships of ADHD with sleep problems, psychiatric comorbidities and medications are complex and multidirectional. Evidence from published studies comparing sleep in individuals with ADHD with typically developing controls is most concordant for associations of ADHD with: hypopnea/...

Introduction: There is a need to more clearly understand the characteristics of breathing patterns in children with cleft palate in the first year of life, as there is little data available to guide current practice. Pierre Robin patients are known to have a higher incidence, however we hypothesised sleep breathing disturbance is not confined to this sub-group of cleft patient. Methods: We cond...

OBJECTIVE There is a surging public interest in The Netherlands concerning sleep, sleep disorders and associated health. For a proper perspective, it is necessary to have reliable information on the prevalence of sleep characteristics at the national level. This study set out to assess prevalence rates and key characteristics of sleep and sleep disorders in The Netherlands. METHODS In 2012, a...

Disruptions in sleep-wake cycles are particularly prevalent after a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Sleep disruptions may occur as main impact of brain damage or result other neuropsychiatric sequelae TBI, such anxiety disorder, depressive disorders, substance abuse, chronic pain, and/or medication consumption. Chronic discomfort (headache and broad presumably central origin) sleep difficulties (...

introduction: the berlin questionnaire (bq) is a common tool to screen for obstructive sleep apnea (osa) in the general population, but its application in the clinical sleep setting is still challenging. the aim of this study was to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the bq compared to the apnea-hypopnea index obtained from polysomnography recordings obtained from a sleep clinic in ir...