This is the introduction of Drosophila into the study of learning and memory affected by removal of the geomagnetic field (GMF) for successive generations. Using the operant visual learning/memory paradigm at a flight simulator, the present study revealed that wild-type flies raised in a hypomagnetic field environment continuously for 10 successive generations were gradually impaired in visual ...

To delay evolution of insect resistance to transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, nearby "refuges" of host plants not producing Bt toxins are required in many regions. Such refuges are expected to be most effective in slowing resistance when the toxin concentration in Bt crops is high enough to kill all or nearly all insects heterozygous for resistance. However, Bt corn,...

Abstract Authors commonly categorize peace missions according to different generations: first-generation serving as interposition forces monitor a cease-fire, second-generation with multidimensional mandates, and third-generation enforcement mandates. While the generation typology is useful show development of over time, this article points four main limitations: ambiguity, reductionism, linear...

A Distributed Generation Tariff (DGT) program to replace Ontario’s existing Feed-in Tariff (FIT) would have several benefits. For example, a DGT would play a useful role in facilitating the development of a wide range of innovative, small-scale electricity generating projects to help meet the province’s growing electricity demand. As such, it would have a positive environmental impact, reducing...

Due to the benefits reported on the use of continuous centrifugals in refineries elsewhere in the world, it was decided by Tongaat-Hulett Sugar Ltd to evaluate the Schultz, Tait and Greig (STG) continuous centrifugal at their sugar refinery in Durban, South Africa. This paper deals with the installation, commissioning and evaluation of the continuous centrifugal. Results of tests done on first ...

Abstract This qualitative analysis of peer observation practices is part of a larger, comparative case study, “Developing Human Capital Within Schools,” conducted by the Project on the Next Generation of Teachers. Within one city, we interviewed 142 teachers and administrators in six high-poverty schools (traditional, charter, and turnaround), all of which had achieved the highest rating in the...

Constraint-based refactoring tools as currently implemented generate their required constraint sets from the programs to be refactored, before any changes are performed. Constraint generation is thus unable to see — and regard — the changed structure of the refactored program, although this new structure may give rise to new constraints that need to be satisfied for the program to maintain its ...