Crop wild relatives have a long history of use in potato breeding, particularly for pest and disease resistance, and are expected to be increasingly used in the search for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Their current and future use in crop improvement depends on their availability in ex situ germplasm collections. As these plants are impacted in the wild by habitat destruction and cl...

BACKGROUND Crop genetic resources are important components of biodiversity. However, with the large-scale promotion of mono-cropping, genetic diversity has largely been lost. Ex-situ conservation approaches were widely used to protect traditional crop varieties worldwide. However, this method fails to maintain the dynamic evolutionary processes of crop genetic resources in their original habita...

constants of crystalline WO 3 deposited by magnetron sputtering" (1999). Crystalline WO 3Ϫx is an infrared ͑IR͒ electrochromic material having possible applications in satellite thermal control and IR switches. Optical constants of electrochromic materials change upon ion intercalation, usually with H ϩ or Li ϩ. Of primary concern for device design are the optical constants in both the intercalat...

Time of Flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has been used to explore the distribution of phospholipids in the plasma membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis during cell division. The dividing cells were freeze dried prior to analysis followed by line scan and region of interest analysis at various stages of cell division. The results showed no signs of phospholipid domain formation at ...

A pulse sequence consisting of an excitation pulse and two adiabatic full-passage pulses with scaled relative peak amplitudes is combined with phase encoding to recover chemical shift information within 3D images in a 1D inhomogeneous static magnetic field with a matched rf field gradient. The results are discussed in the context of ex situ magnetic resonance and imaging. The future directions ...

Knowing how much energy an individual requires is fundamental to resolving a number of questions about the role an animal plays in its ecosystem. Various authors have used different approaches to assess energy needs of in situ (free-ranging) killer whales (Orcinus orca), including estimates based on observations of prey capture and consumption rates (e.g., Williams et al. 2004, Maniscalco et al...

In contrast to conventional static cold preservation (0-4 °C), ex situ machine perfusion may provide better preservation of donor livers. Continuous perfusion of organs provides the opportunity to improve organ quality and allows ex situ viability assessment of donor livers prior to transplantation. This video article provides a step by step protocol for ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (...

This paper investigates the predictions of Derivational Complexity Hypothesis by studying acquisition wh -questions in 4- and 5-year-old Akan-speaking children an experimental approach using elicited production imitation task. Akan has two types -question structures ( -in-situ -ex-situ questions), which allows investigation children’s these question their preferences for one or other. Our resul...

The effect of ex situ hydrogen passivation process on the performance of visible hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide ~a-SiC:H!-based p-i-n type thin-film light-emitting diodes has been investigated. An ex situ hydrogen passivation process dramatically improved the device performance; that is, the threshold voltage decreased by about 5 V, the electroluminescence ~EL! intensity increased by a ...

Ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements have been employed to investigate the effect of liquid-phase hydrofluoric acid (HF) cleaning on Si<100> surfaces for microelectromechanical systems application. The hydrogen terminated (H-terminated) Si surface was realized as an equivalent dielectric layer, and SE measurements are performed. The SE analyses indicate that after a 20-s 100:5 H...