During the 1940s, the average real weekly wages of black women nearly doubled, thereby narrowing the racial earnings gap among women by a full 15 percentage points. Although racial convergence slowed in the 1950s, it is clear that there was no reversion toward the pre-war black/white earnings ratio, and so the large episodic gains of the 1940s proved highly durable. Black men also experienced l...

The 17D yellow fever vaccine is a live-virus vaccine that has been in use since the 1940s. The incidence of encephalitis after yellow fever vaccination among young infants is much higher than among children older than nine months of age. Until recently, avoidance of vaccination by breastfeeding women who have received yellow fever vaccine had been based on theoretical grounds only. We report th...

An otherwise healthy young man had infectious mononucleosis detected after an atypical clinical onset, including myocarditis and pericarditis. Our patient slowly but completely recovered from his cardiac complications after the course of his primary Epstein-Barr infection, as shown by periodical electrocardiographic and ultrasonographic studies, and a simple treatment with aspirin alone. Our ca...

Since the 1940s, the widespread adoption of synthetic fertilizers has reduced the need for manure as a nutrient source in crop production. This has led to separation of crop and animal production, increased use of imported feeds, and a growth in animal numbers relative to land area on dairy and other livestock farms. A net flow of nutrients into areas with a concentration of dairies is now comm...

During the Second World War, with the loss of male labour to the armed forces, there was great demand for women to fill the vacancies in Britain’s manufacturing industries. However absenteeism proved a particular problem, with absence rates for women being twice as high as those for men. 1 This affected production to the extent that an inquiry was launched by the Medical Research Council in 194...