Extensive simple sequence repeat (SSR) surveys have been performed for eukaryotic prokaryotic and viral genomes, but information regarding SSRs in viroids is limited. We undertook a survey to examine the presence of SSRs in viroid genomes. Our results show that the distribution of SSRs in viroids may influence secondary structure, and that SSRs could play a role in generating genetic diversity....

PREMISE OF THE STUDY We developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to facilitate population genetic studies on kānuka (Kunzea spp.; Myrtaceae). METHODS AND RESULTS A shotgun sequencing library was constructed from leaf material of K. robusta using a Roche 454 Junior sequencer, and a total of 3174 putative SSR regions were identified. Sixteen polymorphic markers were optimized for multiple...

In Japanese root clauses, most verbs must be paired with the morpheme -tei to form a complex predicate in order to denote a present state. However, in certain subordinate clauses including the relative clause, the presuppositional clause of a cleft sentence, and the comparative clause, this restriction is exempted. Semantic restrictions are also imposed on verbs, and the verbs which permit the ...

background tuberculosis (tb) is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to hiv/aids). roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with m. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. people with active tb can infect 10-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. materials a...

A collection of orthonormal bases for a d × d Hilbert space is called mutually unbiased (MUB) if for any two vectors v and w from different bases the square of the inner product equals 1/d: |〈v, w〉|2 = 1 d . The MUB problem is to prove or disprove the the existence of a maximal set of d+1 bases. It has been shown in [W. K. Wootters, B. D. Fields, Annals of Physics, 191 no. 2, 363-381, (1989)] t...

We propose an efficient communication protocol for multimedia data delivery in high-speed multichannel networks. Multimedia traffic is generally categorized into two types: real-time traffic and delayable traffic. High-speed multichannel networks refer to the third-generation computer networks, e.g., WDMA networks, with high-speed parallel multichannels to be able to support multiaccess communi...

AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice. He will not fail, therefore, to set a due value on any...

in this paper, we present the concepts of a fuzzy soft left (right) ideal and fuzzy soft interior ideal over an ordered semigroup s . some basic results of fuzzy soft left (right) ideals and fuzzy soft interior ideals are investigated and the supported examples are provided. different classes, regular, intra-regular, and simple ordered semigroups are   characterized by means of fuzzy sof...

wars begin to supply some goals. they have many predictable and unpredictable costs. state leaders and military commanders try to find way to decries war damages and to choose suitable strategies to reach their objectives spending fewer costs. one of these strategies can be blitzkrieg. this essay tries to explain the way of using this strategy in 20th century wars describing its theoretical bas...