نتایج جستجو برای: silent mutation
تعداد نتایج: 308217 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The deeper we look at human genomes, the more unexpected things we find. And increasingly we are surprised by what each of us lacks. In particular, in recent years we have learned that naturally occurring human gene knockouts are prevalent. The results of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) now paint a rich and detailed picture of gene redundancy and essentiality in humans (Lek et al., 2016...
Genetic robustness is a hallmark of cells, occurring through many mechanisms and at many levels. Essential genes lack the common robustness mechanism of genetic redundancy (i.e., existing alongside other genes with the same function), and thus appear at first glance to leave cells highly vulnerable to genetic or environmental perturbations. Here we explore a hypothesis that cells might protect ...
Technology advances have promoted gene-based sequencing studies with the aim of identifying rare mutations responsible for complex diseases. A complication in these types of association studies is that the vast majority of non-synonymous mutations are believed to be neutral to phenotypes. It is thus critical to distinguish potential causative variants from neutral variation before performing as...
Mutations frequently reoccur in the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, it is unclear whether recurrent mtDNA nodal mutations (RNMs), that is, recurrent mutations in stems of unrelated phylogenetic nodes, are functional and hence selectively constrained. To answer this question, we performed comprehensive parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of 9,868 publicly available whole human mt...
We argue that an induced breaking of the genetic synonym symmetry due to the action of genetic operators such as mutation can enhance the adaptability of a species to changes in the environment. In the case of a virus, the claim is that the codon bias in the neutralization epitope improves the virus' ability to generate mutants that evade the induced immune response. We support our claim with a...
BACKGROUND Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus infection quickly circulated worldwide in 2009. In Japan, the first case was reported in May 2009, one month after its outbreak in Mexico. Thereafter, A(H1N1) infection spread widely throughout the country. It is of great importance to profile and understand the situation regarding viral mutations and their circulation in Japan to accumulate a knowled...
Evolutionary analysis of codon bias in Drosophila indicates that synonymous mutations are not neutral, but rather are subject to weak selection at the translation level. Here we show that the effectiveness of natural selection on synonymous sites is strongly correlated with the rate of recombination, in accord with the nearly neutral hypothesis. This correlation, however, is apparent only in ge...
BACKGROUND Synonymous mutation is the single nucleotide change that does not cause an amino acid change but can affect the rate and efficiency of translation. So recent increase in our knowledge has revealed a substantial contribution of synonymous mutations to human disease risk and other complex traits. Nevertheless, there are still rarely synonymous mutation prediction methods. METHODS Non...
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