cancer stem cells (cscs) have been defined as a unique subpopulation in tumors, endowed with the capacity to initiate tumor progression, maintain self-renewal as well as metastatic potential. recently, more evidence strongly indicates the existence of cscs in solid tumors of wide variety of organs such as breast, brain and stomach. recent studies suggest that a special subpopulation of gastric ...

The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor for three coronaviruses HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 involved in regulation of renin-angiotensin system blood pressure. also several signaling pathways, including integrin signaling. expression regulated transcriptionally post-transcriptionally. gene by two promoters, with usage varying among tissues. greatest small intesti...

background glioblastoma is a type of brain tumor with poor response to available therapies, and shows high rate of mortality. despite remarkable advancements in our knowledge about cytogenetic and pathophysiologic features of glioblastoma, current treatment strategies are mainly based on cytotoxic drugs; however, these therapeutic approaches are facing progressive failure because of the resista...

objective: despite the huge efforts, chronic kidney disease (ckd) remains as an unsolved problem in medicine. many studies have shown a central role for transforming growth factor beta-1 (tgfβ-1) and its downstream signaling cascades in the pathogenesis of ckd. in this study, we have reanalyzed a microarray dataset to recognize critical signaling pathways controlled by tgfβ-1. materials and met...

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a gene regulated phenomenon which is important in both physiological and pathological conditions. It is characterized by distinct morphological features including chromatin condensation, cell and nuclear shrinkage, membrane blebbing and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Although, two major apoptotic pathways including 1) the death receptor (extrinsic) and...

jak2 is a tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in the signaling pathways of many hematopoietic growth factor receptors. a single acquired point mutation – v617f – in jak2 occurs in the great majority of patients with polycythemia vera (pv) and approximately half of the patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (imf) or essential thrombocythemia (et). in contrast, the jak2-v617f mutation is...