BACKGROUND Anesthesia machines have been developed by the application of new technology for rapid and easier control of anesthetic concentration. In this study, we used a test lung to investigate whether the time taken to reach the target sevoflurane concentration varies with the rate of fresh gas flow (FGF) and type of anesthesia machine (AM). METHODS We measured the times taken to reach the...

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of tissue composition on dose distribution in electron beam radiotherapy.Methods: A Siemens Primus linear accelerator and a phantom were simulated using MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In a homogeneous cylindrical phantom, six types of soft tissue and three types of tissue-equivalent materials were investigated. The tissues included muscle (ske...

AIM This work investigated the dosimetric properties of a 10-MV photon beam emitted from a medical linear accelerator (linac) with no flattening filter (FF). The aim of this study is to analyze the radiation fluence and energy emitted from the flattening filter free (FFF) linac using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FFF linac was created by removing the FF from a linac ...

Several major themes related to rethinking assessment emerged from a search of the papers published in PRIMUS. Authors explored ways change stakes assessments, often with outcomes-based grading and testing structures. They changing structure assessments by considering media beyond written exams configuring them as group activities. focus their asking students synthesize engage messy application...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose response of amorphous silicon (a-Si) electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) under different acquisi- tion settings for both open jaw defined fields and segmented intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) fields. Four different EPIDs were used. Two Siemens and one Elekta plus a standalone Perkin Elmer research EPID. Each was operated wi...

In this paper, I address the long-standing question of whether adverse selection prevents used cars from reaching owners who value them most highly. In doing so, I confront the challenge of identifying the effects of adverse selection separately from the effects of efficient sorting of vehicles based on their conditions. This latter process would usually occur simultaneously to adverse selectio...

The olenelloid trilobite genus Laudonia Harrington, 1956 was thought to occur widely along the Cordilleran margin of Laurentia in lowermost Dyeran strata (Cambrian Series 2). However, supposed occurrences in the Rosella Formation (Cassiar Mountains, northern British Columbia), the Mural Formation (Cariboo Mountains, east-central British Columbia) and the Poleta Formation (Nevada)--re-examined, ...