Consistently testing autonomous mobile robots in real world scenarios is a necessary aspect of developing navigation systems. Each time the human safety monitor disengages robot's autonomy system due to robot performing an undesirable maneuver, developers gain insight into how improve system. However, we believe that these disengagements not only show where fails, which useful for troubleshooti...

Shared e-scooter programs often generate complaints about improper parking because it create unappealing clutter and can make difficult for pedestrians to use the sidewalk. We examine how cities address noncompliant scooter explore public perceptions of this problem with two related studies. First, we conducted field experiments in Washington, DC (hereafter "DC"), Auckland, New Zealand...

Abstract. Sidewalk inventory is a topic whose importance increasing together with the widespread use of smart city management. In order to manage properly and make informed decisions, it necessary know real conditions city. Furthermore, when planning calculating cultural routes within city, these must take into account specific needs all users. Therefore, important city’s sidewalk network also ...

In this paper we investigate the potential for enhancing the perception capabilities of smart wheelchair systems (SWS) in an urban environment through intensity-based terrain classification. A 3D camera system was employed that provided both range and intensity (remission) measurements to objects in the scene. Each sensor measurement was represented by a feature vector consisting of range ρ, be...

Wheelchair users rely on their wheelchairs for mobility for extended periods of time every day. According to the International Standards Organization 2631-1 standard on human vibration, individuals in a seated position when exposed to whole-body vibrations (WBV) are at risk of injury. This study evaluated vibration exposure during manual and power wheelchair driving over nine sidewalk surfaces ...

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have suggested that friendly walking environments positively affect physical activity and health. Creating friendly walking environments in urban areas is a complex and wide-ranging topic, and no study has yet established a set of assessment indicators by drawing on the expertise of various disciplines. This study uses a multiple-criteria decision-making technique to...

We identify employees at seven companies whose 401(k) investment choices are dominated because they are contributing less than the employer matching contribution threshold despite being vested in their match and being able to make penalty-free 401(k) withdrawals for any reason because they are older than 591⁄2. At the average firm, 36% of match-eligible employees over age 591⁄2 forgo arbitrage ...

SMART CITIES, LIKE many things, took a beating in 2020. Alphabet, Google's parent company, pulled its Sidewalk Labs subsidiary out of smart-city project Toronto. Cisco killed plans to sell technology. And places, city budgets will be affected for years come by the pan-demic's economic shock, making it more difficult justify expenses.