We provide a lower bound for the coherence of the homotopy commutativity of the Brown–Peterson spectrum, BP , at a given prime p and prove that it is at least (2p2 + 2p− 2)–homotopy commutative. We give a proof based on Dyer–Lashof operations that BP cannot be a Thom spectrum associated to n–fold loop maps to BSF for n = 4 at 2 and n = 2p + 4 at odd primes. Other examples where we obtain estima...

X-ray absorption near edge structure ~XANES! spectra of crystalline ~c!and amorphous (a)-Si–C–N thin films were measured at the C, N, and Si K edge using the fluorescence and sample drain current modes. A sharp peak similar to the C 1s core exciton in chemical vapor deposition diamond is observed, which can be assigned to the transition from the C 1s to sp hybridized states in c-Si–C–N. The C K...

Aluminum nitride was analyzed by high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy using monochromatic Cr K? (5414.8 eV) radiation. The reported data include a survey spectrum and high-resolution spectra of Al 1s, 2s, 2p, N O C 1s core levels.

From the C 1s and K 2p photoelectron holograms, we directly reconstructed atomic images of the cleaved surface of a bimetal-intercalated graphite superconductor, (Ca, K)C8, which differed substantially from the expected bulk crystal structure based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Graphene atomic images were collected in the in-plane cross sections of the layers 3.3 Å and 5.7 Å above th...

We have measured hard x-ray photoemission spectra of pure vanadium sesquioxide (V(2)O(3)) across its metal-insulator transition. We show that, in the metallic phase, a clear correlation exists between the shakedown satellites observed in the vanadium 2p and 3p core-level spectra and the coherent peak measured at the Fermi level. Comparing experimental results and dynamical mean-field theory cal...

Results of calculations of the photoelectron spectra for single-photon pulsed-field ionization of the 1p orbital of the X P ~v950! ground state NO leading to the a S ~v50–2! excited ionic state are reported. Agreement between these calculated and recently measured spectra is very encouraging. Comparison of these spectra for ionization of the 1p level of NO ~X P! with those for the 2p orbital re...

Silicon nitride and silicon nitride-based ceramics have several favorable material properties, such as high hardness and good wear resistance, which makes them important materials for the coating industry. This thesis focuses the synthesis of silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and silicon carbonitride thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized based on their che...

Ab initio theoretical results for the 2p- and 3p-hole states of an Mn(2+) ion are reported in order to determine the importance of atomic contributions to the photoelectron spectra of bulk MnO. A combined treatment of relativity and electron correlation reveals important physical effects that have been neglected in virtually all previous work. The many-body and relativistic effects included in ...