Issues found in model-based testing of state-based systems are traces produced by the system under test, sut, that are not allowed by the model used as specification. It is usually easier to determine the error behind the reported issue when there is a short trace revealing the issue. The model-based test system treats the sut as a black box. Hence the test system cannot use internal informatio...

We provide a detailed description of solutions of Curve Shortening in Rn that are invariant under some one-parameter symmetry group of the equation, paying particular attention to geometric properties of the curves, and the asymptotic properties of their ends. We find generalized helices, and a connection with curve shortening on the unit sphere Sn−1. Expanding rotating solitons turn out to be ...

Bioleaching was used to mobilize Cu, Zn and Ni from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) and eliminate hazardous metal species from these wastes. Pulp density (PD) and medium culture are two effective factors which have been optimized in this paper. The bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. thiooxidans) and their mixture were grown and a...

This paper presents a new type of distinguisher for the shrinking generator and the alternating-step generator with known feedback polynomial and for the multiplexor generator. For the former the distinguisher is more efficient than existing ones and for the latter it results in a complete breakdown of security. The distinguisher is conceptually very simple and lends itself to theoretical analy...

The astronomical increase in global energy demand makes locating energy sources other than fossil fuels worthwhile. The use of tropical biomass wood waste as a renewable energy source was investigated in this study. The thermal conversion analysis of Albizia gummifera (ayinre) was carried out in a thermobalance reactor via steam gasification under varying temperature (700 to 1000 °C) and steam ...

The low-temperature shrinking of the vortex core (Kramer-Pesch effect) is studied for an isolated single vortex for chiral p-wave and s-wave superconducting phases. The effect of nonmagnetic impurities on the vortex core radius is numerically investigated in the Born limit by means of a quasiclassical approach. It is shown that in the chiral p-wave phase the Kramer-Pesch effect displays a certa...

In this paper, we report numerical calculations of two new travelling wave states with shift and reflect two-fold azimuthal symmetry (S2 symmetry of Wedin and Kerswell (2004)), characterized by a shrinking core towards the pipe center with increasing R. Further, one of these solutions, termed C2, has additional shift and rotate symmetry. We also present arguments to identify all possible scalin...

A 2D axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, coupled to a 1D bed has been developed capture the key processes that occur within rotary lime kilns. The model simulates calcination reaction using shrinking core and predicts start of degree at end kiln. heat transfer due radiation, convection conduction between gas, wall, chains, bed. gas models are by mass sinks simulate transfer, ...

Coupling the dark matter (DM) and baryonic components in galaxies via dynamical friction (by allowing the latter to be clumpy) leads to energy input into the DM. The resulting expanding tendency in the DM component overcomes the competing effect of adiabatic contraction, resulting from the shrinking gas component, and leads to a nearly constant density core. The baryonic mass inflow also leads ...