Policymakers and economic analysts have recently been concerned about potential inflationary pressures in the U.S. economy. Various economic statistics show the amount of unused productive resources has been diminishing. For example, the civilian unemployment rate has decreased and the capacity utilization rate of the nation’s factories has risen. If real output grows rapidly in the future, the...

The classical optimization techniques are often used to derive and to assert the optimal solution for the well-known inventory models such as the economic order/production quantity (EOQ/EPQ) models. Recently, a new approach, without reference to the use of derivatives but with algebraic derivation, is presented to solve the above deterministic EOQ/EPQ models with/without shortages. To widen the...

This paper attempts to quantify the effect of skill shortages on the UK labour market by developing a simultaneous equation model of unemployment and real wage growth. The model is developed following a structural approach based on a priori economic information and is initially estimated using a two-stage least squares procedure. The model is also estimated using Zellner’s seemingly unrelated r...

In practice the items received in a lot may contain defective items, and the screening process to eliminate the defective items may involve both a Type I and a Type II error. Due to the defective items and the inspection errors, shortages may sometimes occur. In this paper, we develop an economic order quantity model with imperfect quality items, inspection errors, shortage backordering, and sa...

Recent world history has been marked by economic crises, environmental disasters, an increase in intrastate and interstate armed conflicts, as well a heated confrontation the field of energy resources. Among these risks, problems such rising global temperatures, sea levels, soil erosion, shortages food minerals have become most prominent. The safety mankind environment is value that XXI century...

There are health workforce imbalances in terms of deficits, shortages or inequitable distribution of workers in all countries (Celletti, et al., 2011; Frenk, et al., 2010). Together with the imperative to deliver more and more effective health services, these imbalances create an urgent need to scale up the number of human resources for health, to adapt the education and training of health prov...

The problem of drug shortages has been reported worldwide, gaining prominence in multiple domains and several countries in recent years. The aim of the study was to analyze, characterise and assess this problem in Belgium and France, while also adopting a wider perspective from the European Union. A qualitative methodological approach was employed, including semi-structured interviews with the ...

Global skill shortages are reported in many occupations. Existing strategies for addressing skill shortages are not successful and, as a result, skill shortages are an intractable problem. A new strategy, real-time communication of skill knowledge without human instructors, has the potential to bring about radical reductions in skill shortages. The goal of the study reported in this VTT Working...

OBJECTIVES This paper presents a geographic information system (GIS)-based proximal area method and gravity method for identifying areas with physician shortages. The innovation of this paper is that it uses the appropriate methods to discover each type of health resource and then integrates all these methods to assess spatial access to health resources using population distribution data. In th...

Human uses of freshwater resources are increasing rapidly as the world population rises. As this happens, less water is left to support aquatic and associated ecosystems. To minimize future human water shortages and undesirable environmental impacts, more equitable sharing of water resources between society and nature is required. This will require physical quantities and social values to be pl...