BACKGROUND Knowing the timing of the pubertal growth spurt of the spine, represented by sitting height, is essential for the prognosis and therapy of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There are several indicators that reflect growth or remaining growth of the patient. For example, distal body parts have their growth spurt earlier in adolescence, and therefore the growth of the foot can be an ear...

Many conservative treatments exist for medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) which aims to reduce the external knee adduction moment (EKAM). The objective of this study was to determine the difference between different shoes and lateral wedge insoles on EKAM, knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), external knee flexion moment, pain, and comfort when walking in individuals with medial knee OA. Seventy...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Excessive shoe heel abrasion is of concern to patients, parents and shoe manufacturers, but little scientific information is available. The purpose of this study was to describe the phenomenon in a group of infantry recruits performing similar physical activity, and search for biomechanical factors that might be related. METHODS Seventy-six subjects (median age 19) en...

BACKGROUND/AIM Considerable improvement has been made in football field surfaces and types of shoe, yet relatively few epidemiological studies have investigated their roles in the risk of football injuries. This study examined the effects of field surface, surface condition and shoe type on the likelihood of lower extremity football injuries. METHODS Deidentified data from 188 players from on...

Multiple playing surfaces and footwear used in American football warrant a better understanding of relationship between different combinations of turf and footwear. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of shoe and stud types on ground reaction force (GRF) and ankle and knee kinematics of a 180° cut and a single-leg 90° land-cut on synthetic turf. Fourteen recreational football playe...

The last is the basic industrial component in footwear manufacturing, from which product development starts. Correct last grading ensures the best fit for the intended group of users of the footwear model to be produced. The size marked on the last should respect the specific intervals defined in the different international sizing systems, like the European, UK, US or Mondopoint systems, which ...

We prove upper and lower estimates on the measure of an inclusion D in a conductor Ω in terms of one pair of current and potential boundary measurements. The growth rates of such estimates are essentially best possible.

Shoeprint information is gathered from crime scenes by photography, a cast or electrostatic lifting. This impression is then used to arrive at three main types of classification. Firstly there is the basic match in shoe size, secondly matching a shoe print to a particular brand or model. This can be achieved by keeping a database of product information from shoe manufactures (this data is abund...

One of the important evidence in a crime scene that is normally overlooked but very important evidence is shoe print as the criminal is normally unaware of the mask for this. In this paper we use image processing technique to process reference shoe images to make it index-able for a search from the database the shoe print impressions available in the commercial market. This is achieved first by...

A significant predictor of falls in the elderly population is attributed to postural instability. Thus, it is important to identify and implement practical clinical interventions to enhance postural stability in older adults. Shoe insoles have been identified as a mechanism to enhance postural control, and our study aimed to evaluate the impact of 2 shoe insoles on static standing balance in he...