Calculations based on a consideration of gas diffusion of gas dynamics in a sonoluminescing bubble filled with a noble gas and water vapor are carried out. Xenon-, argon-, and helium-filled bubbles are studied. In the absence of shock waves, bubble temperatures are found to be decreased, a decrease attributable to the large heat capacity of water vapor. Peak bubble temperature reductions are se...

The design and construction of autonomous electronic instrumentation to generate fast high voltage discharges (6 to 10 kV) on a piezoelectric crystal array, in order to produce underwater shock waves, is described. If properly focused, hundreds of these shock waves are capable of destroying renal and ureteral calculi. This clinical treatment, developed more than 20 years ago, is known as extrac...

An asymptotic description of the formation of dispersive shock waves in solutions to the generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is conjectured. The asymptotic description based on a multiscales expansion is given in terms of a special solution to an ordinary differential equation of the Painlevé I hierarchy. Several examples are discussed numerically to provide strong evidence for the...

PURPOSE We performed a pilot study to assess whether renal shock wave lithotripsy influences metabolic syndrome onset and severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-month-old juvenile female Ossabaw miniature pigs were treated with shock wave lithotripsy (2,000 shock waves at 24 kV with 120 shock waves per minute in 2) or sham shock wave lithotripsy (no shock waves in 2). Shock waves were targeted...

The interaction between an oblique shock wave and a pair of parallel vortices is simulated systematically through solving the two-dimensional, unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations using a fifth order weighted essentially nonoscillatory finite difference scheme. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the flow structure and the mechanism of sound generation in the interaction ...

The large-scale coronal shock waves observed from radio type II bursts and from Moreton waves have proven surprisingly difficult to detect in coronal images. I review the evidence for such waves in radio, optical, EUV, and soft X-ray images. The data generally support the conclusion that the metric type II bursts can be identified with weak fast-mode shock waves launched at the impulsive phase ...

The analysis of Balmer-dominated optical spectra from non-radiative (adiabatic) SNRs has shown that the ratio of the electron to proton temperature at the blast wave is close to unity at vS .400 km s , but declines sharply down to the minimum value of me/mp dictated by the jump conditions at shock speeds exceeding 2000 km s . We propose a physical model for the heating of electrons and ions in ...

Proton acceleration at a parallel coronal shock is modeled with self-consistent Alfvén wave excitation and shock transmission. 18 50 keV seed protons at 0.1% of plasma proton density are accelerated in 10 minutes to a power-law intensity spectrum rolling over at 300 MeV by a 2500km s−1 shock traveling outward from 3.5r , for typical coronal conditions and low ambient wave intensities. Interacti...

A review of the theory of MHD characteristics and shock waves is presented. Primary emphasis is placed on a physical discussion of the three characteristic modes and the jump conditions for the two types of shock waves which can exist. Brief discussions of shock structure, applications of the theory, and the range of applicability of the continuum equations are also given. Prepared as a chapter...