A study of the unique role of impurities in the initial stages of ionization relaxation in shock-heated argon, using a sampling mass spectrometer to determine the ionic products of the reaction, is described. The ions are extracted from the shock tube through a small orifice in the end wall after they have diffused through the dense thermal layer adjacent to the wall from the ionizing gas behin...

Dynamics of ethylene autoignition and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) are first numerically investigated in a one-dimensional shock tube using reduced chemistry including 10 species reactions. Different combustion modes through considering various premixed gas equivalence ratios (0.2 [Formula: see text] 2.0) incident wave Mach numbers (1.8[Formula: text]3.2). Four ignition DDT obser...

Shock tubes are quite universal tools to study high-temperature reactions in the gas phase (800 K < T < 3000 K). A gas mixture is rapidly (t < 1 μs) heated by a travelling shock wave, and species formed behind the shock front are time-resolved detected, where we use absorption spectroscopy [1] and mass spectrometry. [2] Kinetic data are inferred from the concentration-time profiles. A recent ex...

Despite extensive efforts on studying the decomposition mechanism of HMX under extreme condition, an intrinsic understanding of mechanical and chemical response processes, inducing the initial chemical reaction, is not yet achieved. In this work, the microscopic dynamic response and initial decomposition of β-HMX with (1 0 0) surface and molecular vacancy under shock condition, were explored by...

The problem of sensitivity tests for serum can be stated to be as follows: Is it possible, by observing the local reaction which follows an intradermal or subcutaneous injection of a small amount of serum, to determine beforehand whether or not a patient will develop anaphylactic shock, and/or severe serum sickness, when given a full therapeutic or prophylactic dose? To be of practical value, t...

Diffusive acceleration at collisionless shock waves remains one of the most promising acceleration mechanisms for the description of the origin of cosmic rays at all energies. A crucial ingredient to be taken into account is the reaction of accelerated particles on the shock, which in turn determines the efficiency of the process. Here we propose a semi-analytical kinetic method that allows us ...