We provide evidence that proton irradiation of energy 2.25 MeV on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite samples triggers ferro- or ferrimagnetism. Measurements performed with a superconducting quantum interferometer device and magnetic force microscopy reveal that the magnetic ordering is stable at room temperature.

With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains may be imminent. Here, we shortly introduce ecosystem characteristics of mining areas, report on recent mining developments, and identify potential stress and disturbances created by mining. We analyz...

This text covers the professional and scientific career of Maria Cecilia Ferro Donnangelo, professor, researcher and influential intellectual in the area of Collective Health. Born in 1940, and killed in a car accident in 1983, she actively participated in the emergence of Collective Health in Brazil and greatly influenced the creation of the sub-areas of Social Science and the Humanities in th...

Integrated pumps and valves make up an essential part of most microfluidic devices and produce increased control in the device. Some existing micro-pumps and valves utilized in microfluidics involve electrical, pneumatic, and thermal actuation. However, electrical micro-pumps and valves generally entail a complicated and expensive fabrication process, and are limited to samples free of any ions...

Milena de Sousa Nascimento, Viviane Gianluppi Ferro & Ricardo Ferreira Monteiro Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, CP 68020, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Corresponding author...