Schmallenberg virus was detected in cattle and sheep in northwestern Europe in 2011. To determine whether wild ruminants are also susceptible, we measured antibody seroprevalence in cervids (roe deer and red deer) in Belgium in 2010 and 2011. Findings indicated rapid spread among these deer since virus emergence ≈250 km away.

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: LCT: Lambda-Cyhalothrin; LD: Lethal Dose; NOAEL: No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Con A: Concanavalin A; SRBCs: Sheep Red Blood Cells; WBCs: White Blood Cells; Ig: Immunoglobulin; HA: Hemagglutination; QHS: Quantitative Hemolysis of SRBCs; FCS: Fetal Calf Serum; DTH: Delayed-type of Hypersensitivity Response; BMCs: Blood Mononuclear ...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne fever in cattle and sheep, granulocytic anaplasmosis human dogs. Livestock, companion animal infections with A. have been reported globally. Across England Wales, two isolates (called ecotypes) ticks. This study examined present livestock wildlife Great Britain (GB), a particular focus on cattle. Clinical sub...

The kinetic characteristics of the ouabain-sensitive (Na + K) transport system (pump) of high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK) sheep red cells have been investigated. In sodium medium, the curve relating pump rate to external K is sigmoid with half maximal stimulation (K(1/2)) occurring at 3 mM for both cell types, the maximum pump rate in HK cells being about four times that in LK cells. ...

Comparative animal studies showed the wide variation of whole blood and plasma viscosity, and erythrocyte aggregation among mammalian species. Whole blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation is influenced by red cell fluidity. To evaluate differences in erythrocyte deformability in mammals, three species were investigated, whose erythrocytes have a different aggregation property: horse, as...

The opsonin-independent recognition of periodate-treated sheep red blood cells (P-SRBC) by macrophages was studied by observation of phagocytosis and the mechanism of the recognition was compared with those for other particles. Thioglycollate-elicited guinea pig peritoneal macrophages time-dependently ingested sheep red blood cells (SRBC) treated with periodate, as well as immunoglobulin G-coat...

Cyclophosphamide (CY)-mediated immunoenhancement has been attributed to the inhibition of suppressor T-cell generation. In order to exert its effects on the immune system, metabolic activation of CY is required. The metabolite of CY responsible for its immunoenhancing properties are not known. Two reactive metabolites of CY which may inhibit suppressor T-cell generation are phosphoramide mustar...

Objective: Blood is a body fluid that plays role in transporting oxygen, nutrients, metabolic waste, and serves as component of the immune system. Its measurable indices such hematological profile affected by food consumed. This study aimed to examine linseed use complete feed on hematology value sheep blood. Methods: research was conducted at “Mitra Karya Farm” Purworejo Village, Gemolong Dist...

A detailed kinetic study of K:Cl cotransport in hyposmotically swollen low K sheep red blood cells was carried out to characterize the nature of the outwardly poised carrier. The kinetic parameters were determined from the rate of K efflux and influx under zero-K-trans conditions in red cells with cellular K altered by the nystatin method and with different extracellular K or Rb concentrations....