We investigate the mechanical responses of dense granular materials, using a direct shear box combined with simultaneous acoustic measurements. Measured shear wave speeds evidence the structural change of the material under shear, from the jammed state to the flowing state. There is a clear acoustic signature when the shear band is formed. Subjected to cyclic shear, both shear stress and wave s...

Introduction Seismic anisotropy is often explained in terms of effective media where an ordered ensemble of sub-seismic elements leads to a directional variation of the materials properties. Examples of such systems include aligned cracks or fractures, fine layering and correlated pore space. Therefore, measurements of seismic anisotropy potentially allow insights to physical systems which woul...

SWAS: A shear-wave analysis system for semi-automatic measurement of shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes Yuan Gao a,b, Ping Hao a, Stuart Crampin a,b,c,∗ a Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, 100036 Beijing, China b School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Scotland, UK c Edinburgh Anisotropy Project, British Geological Survey, Edi...

Citation Coates, A. S., E. P. Winer, A. Goldhirsch, R. D. Gelber, M. Gnant, M. Piccart-Gebhart, B. Thürlimann, and H.-J. Senn. 2015. “Tailoring therapies—improving the management of early breast cancer: St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2015.” Annals of Oncology 26 (8): 1533-1546. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/md...

Debate over the consequences of marine reserve implementation has long focused on tradeoffs between ecological improvements from reserves and possible economic losses from reduced harvest. More recently, several articles suggest instead that reserves might generate economic as well as ecological benefits (1; 2; 3; 4). In particular Hastings and Botsford demonstrate that, even without any ecolog...

Special features of surface gravity waves in deep fluid flow with constant vertical shear of velocity is studied. It is found that the mean flow velocity shear leads to non-trivial modification of surface gravity wave modes dispersive characteristics. Moreover, the shear induces generation of surface gravity waves by internal vortex mode perturbations. The performed analytical and numerical stu...

In this paper, a novel sonoelastographic technique for estimating local shear velocities from propagating shear wave interference patterns (termed crawling waves) is introduced. A relationship between the local crawling wave spatial phase derivatives and local shear wave velocity is derived with phase derivatives estimated using an autocorrelation technique. Results from homogeneous phantoms de...

When a shear ultrasonic wave is incident on a solid and liquid boundary, the proportion that is reflected depends on the liquid viscosity. This is the basis for some instruments for on-line measurement of bulk liquid viscosity. In machine elements, the lubricant is usually present in a thin layer between two rubbing solid surfaces. The thin film has a different response to an ultrasonic shear w...

Shear wave velocities from full waveform acoustic logs were determined at DSDP Site 613 using the spectral ratio inversion method. Discrete shear wave velocities for a 350 meter interval at 0.5-2 meter depth increments were calculated. Shear wave velocities were not evaluated for the upper 130m of the log because of data recording problems. The sediments of Site 613 represent a progression from...

The parametric excitation of pairs of electron surface waves (ESW) in the interaction of an ultrashort, intense laser pulse with an overdense plasma is discussed using an analytical model. The plasma has a simple step-like density profile. The ESWs can be excited either by the electric or by the magnetic part of the Lorentz force exerted by the laser and, correspondingly, have frequencies aroun...