The requirement of retinoic acid (RA) in the initial formation of the pharyngeal arches was investigated by treating headfold-stage mouse embryos with a pan-RAR antagonist in vitro and in vivo. This results in a complete absence of mesenchyme, arteries, nerves and epibranchial placodes of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches, complete agenesis of the 3rd and 4th pouches and consistent lack of the ...

introduction: nager syndrome is a malformation resulting from problems in the development of the first and second branchial arches and limb buds. the cause of the abnormal development of the pharyngeal arches in nager syndrome is unknown. it is also unclear why affected individuals have bone abnormalities in their arms and legs. nager syndrome is thought to have an autosomal recessive inheritan...

Geological radar is an important method used for detecting internal defects in tunnels. Automatic interpretation techniques can effectively reduce the subjectivity of manual identification, improve recognition accuracy, and increase detection efficiency. This paper proposes automatic approach geological images (GPR) based on YOLOX-s, aimed at accurately steel arches any direction. The utilizes ...

Abstract In this paper, the dynamical similarity of multi-block catenary arches and columns is discussed, which can be used for simplified design rocking arches. The basic hypothesis that dynamic response similar when shape arch follows thrust line, i.e. it a arch. It validated numerically responses slender are safe reliable approximations those not then overturning acceleration (response) spec...

BMP signaling is essential for a wide variety of developmental processes. To evaluate the role of Bmp2/4 in cranial neural crest (CNC) formation or differentiation after its migration into the branchial arches, we used Xnoggin to block their activities in specific areas of the CNC in transgenic mice. This resulted in depletion of CNC cells from the targeted areas. As a consequence, the branchia...

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in a group of 3,466 children aged 7 to 12 years enrolled in public schools in the cities of Lins and Promissão, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The sagittal relationships between dental arches, the transverse relationship between arches, and the vertical and horizontal relations of incisors were analyzed. The prevalence of dias...

The Galactic center harbors some of the most massive star clusters known in the Galaxy: the Arches and the Quintuplet. Based on the Chandra observations of these clusters (PI: Wang) which recently became public, I discuss the X-ray emission from the massive stars in these clusters. Confirming the general trend for Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars being X-ray dim, none of them is detected in the Quintuplet...

We review approaches to the chunking and UpWriting of local descriptors.

We have examined extended structures, bridges and arches, in computer generated, nonsequentially stabilized, hard sphere deposits. The bridges and arches have well defined distributions of sizes and shapes. The distribution functions reflect the contraints associated with hard particle packing and the details of the restructuring process. A subpopulation of string-like bridges has been identifi...