While DNA methylation carries genetic signals and is instrumental in the evolution of organismal complexity, small RNAs (sRNAs), ~18-24 ribonucleotide (nt) sequences, are crucial mediators of methylation as well as gene silencing. However, scant study deals with sRNA evolution via featuring their expression dynamics coupled with species of different evolutionary time. Here we report an atlas of...

There is a growing body of literature documenting the expansion of emerging parasites to sub-arctic areas. The potential impact of global warming on shifts in the spatiotemporal distribution and transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases in domesticated and wild ungulates may be remarkable [1]. Recent Finnish studies have revealed an array of Filarioid nematodes and associated diseases that...

background : in this experiment, abdominal cavity of 518 iranian sistani cattle and 498 brahman cattle were inspected for the presence of setaria spp. from april 2012 - may 2013. methods: the species were determined by microscopic examination of the mor-phological characteristics of the anterior and posterior parts of the parasites and authentic guidelines. results: the overall prevalence of se...

Starch grain, phytolith and cereal bran fragments were analyzed in order to identify the food remains including cakes, dumplings, as well as porridge unearthed at the Astana Cemeteries in Turpan of Xinjiang, China. The results suggest that the cakes were made from Triticum aestivum while the dumplings were made from Triticum aestivum, along with Setaria italica. The ingredients of the porridge ...

The helminths of 4 suni, Neotragus moschatus, from the Tembe National Elephant Park, KwaZulu, Natal, were collected, counted and identified. Cooperia hungi, a race of Cooperia rotundispiculum, Haemonchus vegliai, Setaria cornuta, a Skrjabinema sp., Strongyloides papillosus, Trichostrongylus anomalus and Trichostrongylus deflexus are new parasite records for suni in Africa. Megacooperia woodford...