Objective To evaluate the root and root canal morphology of the maxillary second molars (MSMs) in a native Chinese population by cone-beam computed tomography. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography images of 2412 MSMs from 1294 Chinese patients were analyzed to determine the number and morphology of the roots, the root canal morphology, the bilateral symmetry, and the correlations of these para...

The electrical response of nitrate-grown maize (Zea mays L.) roots to 0.1 millimolar nitrate was comprised of two sequential parts: a rapid and transient depolarization of the membrane potential, followed by a slower, net hyperpolarization to a value more negative than the original resting potential. The magnitude of the response was smaller in roots of seedlings grown in the absence of nitrate...

Plants shape distinct, species-specific microbiomes in their rhizospheres. A main premise for evaluating microbial communities associated with root-soil compartments is their successful separation into the rhizosphere (soil-root interface), the rhizoplane (root surface), and the endosphere (inside roots). We evaluated different approaches (washing, sonication, and bleaching) regarding their eff...

AIM To investigate variations in the root canal systems of first and second permanent mandibular molar teeth in a Sudanese population using a clearing technique. METHODOLOGY Two hundred extracted first and second permanent mandibular molars from three cities in the state of Khartoum were studied. Access cavities were prepared and pulp tissue was removed by immersion in 5% sodium hypochlorite ...

In this article we report that the distribution of serotonin in the lobster nervous system parallels the distribution of octopamine and that the same tissues that contain endogenous serotonin can synthesize it from tryptophan. Octopamine and serotonin are highly concentrated in a neurosecretory region of the second thoracic roots in association with a group of neurosecretory cells. The roots po...

Introduction Variations in the root and canal morphology are a common occurrence. The clinician should have a thorough knowledge of dental anatomy and its variations in order to achieve successful and predictable outcome with root canal treatment. Maxillary first permanent molars are generally considered to be three rooted, one palatal and two buccal. The additional root canal, if present, is t...

In this work we present a study on mechanical properties of Zea mays primary roots. In order to have an accurate overview of the root structure, three different regions have been analyzed: the outer wall, the inner part, and the root cap. We used a dynamic nanoindentation technique to measure the elasticity modulus of root tissues in correspondence of different distances from the root tip. A sa...

in order to study the phonological stages and growth period of invasive weed ranunculus ficaria based on degree days and to study the effect of planting depth on sprouting the tubers roots of this weed, two separate experiments were conducted in crd with 5 replications at ferdwosi university of mashhad in 2008. in the first study germinated tubers were planted in 5 cm depth and the observations...