This paper proposes a sensor additive switching watermark methodology for detecting physical faults and replay attacks, then identifying the occurring threat type: either fault or attack. The includes generator in plant side remover control monitoring side. protocols of their common seeds are specifically designed, guaranteeing switch synchronization both nominal cases, allowing asynchronizatio...

Water is a very valuable and stimulating force for irrigation. The Optimum usage of water an hourly requirement. Efficient irrigation helps to conserve water, increase plant yields, reduce fertilizer reliance, improve the quality crops. Various techniques are available measure soil moisture content, both laboratory field, including remote sensing, but fastest better one with use sensor electron...