The fact that the optimum proportion flocculation ratio is different when determined by the alpha (Dean and Webb) and beta (Ramon) procedures is pointed out. It is demonstrated that this difference is a consequence of the difference in the two methods, and that the two optima, though they may in certain cases lie near together, can never coincide. A new ratio (the epsilon ratio), intermediate b...

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 61, 2831 (2000)], Borstnik, Stark, and Zumer have studied the stability of a colloidal dispersion of micron-sized spherical particles in the isotropic phase of a nematogenic material. Close to the nematic transition, the attraction due to a surface-induced paranematic order can yield flocculation. Their calculation of the nematic-mediated interaction was based on...

The flocculation of dissolved heavy metals is a process which has an important effect on decreasing the concentration of the colloidal elements during estuarine mixing of river water and sea or ocean water. During this important process, a large amount of colloidal elements change into particles in the form of flock and the dissolved loads decline. This study is performed to evaluate the mechani...

The global market has announced copper as a modern energy metal and finds its extensive utilization in the construction industry, electrical wiring, power transmission lines, alloying, anticorrosive coating, heat exchangers, refrigeration tubing, etc. Copper ore is primarily beneficiated from sulphide mineral deposits. Due to high-grade deposit exhaustion, focus now shifted towards recovery dif...

The term flocculation is often confused with coagulation, although the two refer to different processes. Coagulation is basically electrostatic in nature. It is brought about by a reduction of the repulsive potential of the electrical double layer. The term flocculation is derived from the Latin, “flocculus,” literally a small tuft of wool, or a loosely fibrous structure. Flocculation is brough...

The high volume and unfavorable properties of high-water-content slurries make their treatment difficult costly. Improving the through prefabricated drains combined with surcharge or vacuum preloading represents an environmental economic means reusing these as subsoil. As conventional methods are inefficient in dealing low-permeability slurries, flocculation is often applied. In this study, inf...

flocculation processes during estuarine mixing can reduce the elemental concentrations of river water. in the present investigation, natural flocculation processes concept is used to reduce the elemental contents of industrial wastewater. for this purpose, various amounts of saline water were added to an artificial industrial wastewater with known concentrations of heavy metals. the results of ...

The effect of xanthan gum (XG) addition on physicochemical properties of 2wt% whey protein isolate (WPI) stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing 20% v/v menhaden oil was investigated by measuring droplet size, viscosity, microstructure, creaming profile and oxidative stability. In fresh emulsions, addition of XG at different concentrations did not show any significant effect on the s...