Transport of the organic molecule malachite green, across a bilayer of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol liposome in aqueous Ž . solution, has been observed using a new method, namely second harmonic generation SHG . Following the rapid mixing of liposome and malachite green solutions, a decay of the SHG signal in time is observed as the malachite green bound to the outer liposome surface crosses to...

We introduce STORMED hybrid games (SHG), a generalization of STORMED Hybrid Systems [33], which have natural specifications that allow rich continuous dynamics and various decidable properties. We solve the control problem for SHG using a reduction to bisimulation on finite game graphs. This generalizes to a greater family of games, which includes o-minimal hybrid games [6]. We also solve the o...

Many studies in information science have looked at the growth of science. In this study, we re-examine the question of the growth of science. To do this we (i) use current data up to publication year 2012 and (ii) analyse it across all disciplines and also separately for the natural sciences and for the medical and health sciences. Furthermore, the data are analysed with an advanced statistical...

S1. RA-SHG data for Sin-Pout and Sin-Sout geometries above and below TΩ S2. Mathematical expressions used for fitting RA-SHG patterns S3. Visualizing the 2/m1 magnetic point group symmetry of the Néel phase S4. Loop-current order in cuprates versus iridates S5. Behavior of hidden order domains under repeated thermal cycles S6. Survey of RA-SHG patterns of Sr2IrO4 across spatial regions S7. Fun...

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used as a noninvasive probe of two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of copolymer vinylidene fluoride with trifluorethylene. The surface 2D ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in the topmost layer of LB films and a thickness independent (almost 2D) transition in the bulk of these films are observed in temperatur...

We propose a novel type of cascading parametric interaction for generating a nonlinear phase shift in dielectric media with a quadratic nonlinear response based on two-frequency wave mixing of the fundamental and second-harmonic waves. Self-phase modulation of the fundamental wave results from a cascading process consisting of four second-order subprocesses, the direct and reverse subprocesses ...

[1] This study explores the saturation effects in the ionospheric foF2 due to sunspot number R, solar radio noise (10.7 cm) flux F10.7, and solar EUV fluxes. To locate the R, F10.7, or EUV value at which the foF2 values are saturated, a two-segmented regression model is built based on the data of the strictly rise period of the 21st solar cycle recorded by eight ionosonde stations scattering ro...

Predicting protein adsorption from solution to a surface is a perennial problem in biomedicine and related fields. Despite constant attention in the literature, it is not currently possible to predict quantitatively the amount of adsorbed protein given environment, protein and surface parameters. In previous work, we presented the Biomolecular Adsorption Database, an online collection of protei...

Second harmonic generation (SHG) was employed to monitor in situ the potential-induced reconstruction of Au( 111) and Au( 100) electrodes. Rotating the sample by 360” about the surface normal yields for the unreconstructed Au( 1 I1 )-( 1 x 1) SWface the well-known threefold symmetry pattern in the SHG intensity, while Au( lOO)(1 X 1) shows no rotational anisotropy, as expected for C, symmetry. ...

The Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial charging processes were characterized by time-resolved second harmonic generation method (TR-SHG) using three typical organic double-layer devices, i.e., IZO/αNPD/Alq3/Al for OLED and ITO/PI/α-NPD (or pentacene)/Au for MIM elements. Devices with a PI blocking layer represent one-carrier transport case, while the OLED is a typical two-carrier transport device....