Although many think campaign donations buy influence from legislators, scholars have difficulty determining whether and how much influence contributions have in the legislative process. Many studies seek to identify the influence of donors on roll call votes. After considerable debate most scholars have concluded that donors have little influence on these votes. What voting studies cannot detec...

Tungsten (W) is a rare heavy metal, widely used in a range of industrial, military and household applications due to its unique physical properties. These activities inevitably have accounted for local W accumulation at high concentrations, raising concerns about its effects for living organisms. In plants, W has primarily been used as an inhibitor of the molybdoenzymes, since it antagonizes mo...

In order to determine the impact of thermo priming on germination of soybean seeds, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors of studied included different time thermo priming (control, 5 and 10 minutes) through the placing seeds were exposed to oven. The results showed that the effect of thermo priming was significant on germination perc...

Matching and Challenge Gifts to Charity: Evidence from Laboratory and Natural Field Experiments This study designs a natural field experiment linked to a controlled laboratory experiment to examine the effectiveness of matching gifts and challenge gifts, two popular strategies used to secure a portion of the $200 billion annually given to charities. We find evidence that challenge gifts positiv...

Businesses and green activists seek to influence public attention to the social impacts of a sector—they play salience games. An activist allocates funds between campaigning against a polluting industry and other environmental projects. When public attention is scarce, a greater campaign orientation induces industry to invest more heavily in symbolic action that cloaks damage and reduces the ri...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The key to HIV/STI control is community-wide intervention (CWI) which depends heavily on continuous monitoring and evaluation. Unfortunately, comprehensive CWI assessment methodology and reports are generally lacking. This study developed, applied, and evaluated a rapid tool for assessing CWI in China. METHODS A total of 120 county level respondents in charge of county-w...

This study was conducted at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources farm, Iran, Golestan province with about 600 mm annual rainfall in order to evaluate the effect of different sowing dates on Azivash (Corchorusolitorius) seed quality, using a randomized complete block design with three replications on 2013. Treatments were four sowing dates such as May 5, ...

Much charitable giving takes place in the context of existing social groups (workplaces, churches, friends and family). We exploit a real-world setting (online fundraising) to provide the first evidence on how the size of the social group affects donations. We show that the number of Facebook friends of individual charity fundraisers has a negative effect on average donation size. This is consi...

We analyze group-voting on binding minimum contributions to environmental projects and assess how such institutions affect subsequent voluntary donations. Mature tourism destinations such as the island of Majorca (Spain) suffer environmental pressures caused by decades of intense tourism development, reducing the environmental quality and tourism appeal of the island. Financed from the local ta...