During the initial stages of copper electrodeposition onto a thin seed layer, a nonuniform potential distribution arises, resulting in local variations in growth rate and deposit morphology. Early stages of morphology evolution during copper electrodeposition are of practical importance but have not been well studied. Here, a new multiscale approach is developed for numerical simulation of the ...

An endeavor has been made to create buccoadhesive bilayered tablets comprising of drug containing bioadhesive layer and drug free backing layer to release the drug for extended period of time with reduction in dosing recurrence. Tablets of Tizanidine hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression method using bioadhesive polymer tamarind seed gum with backing layer of ethyl cellulose. The ph...

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorod array (NRA)-based ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) were successfully fabricated and optimized via a facile hydrothermal process. Using a shadow mask technique, the thin ZnO seed layer was deposited between the patterned Au/Ti electrodes to bridge the electrodes. Thus, both the Au electrodes could be connected by the ZnO seed layer. As the sample was immersed ...

The vertical distribution of weed seeds in the soil is of fundamental importance because seedling emergence depends on seed depth. The lateral displacement of the earth during mouldboard ploughing contributes to the dispersal of the weeds inside the tilled field. In order to model vertical and lateral seed displacements during ploughing, an existing model describing soil particle movements for ...

   Zinc oxide has been considered as a promising semiconductor material for fabrication of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), electronic devices, optoelectronics, and solar cells. Among the various morphologies of zinc oxide, nanorods are more widely used because of the ease of synthesis and providing a direct path for the transport of charge carriers. The electrochemical deposi...

The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy and ontogeny of Pterodon emarginatus seed using the usual techniques. The ovules are campilotropous, crassinucelate, and bitegmic. The following processes occur during integument development: anticlinal divisions and phenolic compound accumulations in the exotesta, whose cells become palisade; predominantly periclinal divisions and cell expansio...

During legume seed development the epidermis of the embryos differentiates into a transfer cell layer which mediates nutrient uptake during the storage phase. This specific function of the epidermal cells is acquired at the onset of embryo maturation. We investigated this process in the pea seed mutant E2748. The epidermal cells of the mutant embryo, instead of turning into transfer cells, enla...