During postnatal development, a relationship is established between the size of individual taste buds and number of innervating neurons. To determine whether rearrangement of neurons that innervate taste buds establishes this relationship, we labeled single taste buds at postnatal day 10 (P10) and again at either P15, P20, or P40 with retrograde fluorescent neuronal tracers. The number of singl...

Mouth washing after inhalation of corticosteroids is effective for prevention of local adverse effects. We determined the amounts of drug residues remaining on the oropharyngeal mucosa following inhalation of budesonide (BUD) via a Turbuhaler (BUD-TH) (100 microg). Further, we studied the effects of mouth washing on the removal of drug residues by quantification of BUD in expectorated wash solu...

Higher-functioning mitochondria that are more reduced and have less ROS are anchored in the yeast bud tip by the Dsl1-family protein Mmr1p. Here we report a role for mitochondrial fusion in bud-tip anchorage of mitochondria. Fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) and network analysis experiments revealed that mitochondria in large buds are a continuous reticulum that is physically distinct ...

BACKGROUND The putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor Lte1 plays an essential role in promoting exit from mitosis at low temperatures. Lte1 is thought to activate a Ras-like signaling cascade, the mitotic exit network (MEN). MEN promotes the release of the protein phosphatase Cdc14 from the nucleolus during anaphase, and this release is a prerequisite for exit from mitosis. Lte1 is present...

Class 3 semaphorins are guidance proteins involved in axon pathfinding, vascular patterning and lung branching morphogenesis in the developing mouse embryo. Semaphorin3a (Sema3a) is expressed in renal epithelia throughout kidney development, including podocytes and ureteric bud cells. However, the role of Sema3a in ureteric bud branching is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Sema3a plays a role ...

Within-population variation in phenology of boreal trees indicates their adaptability to climatic variations. Although interannual variations in date of bud burst have been widely discussed, little is known about within-population variation, the key determinants for this variation and the effects of this variation on estimates of trends in bud burst date. Over a period of nine years, we monitor...

Light controls bud burst in many plants, which subsequently affects their architecture. Nevertheless, very little is known about this photomorphogenic process. This study ascertains the effects of light on bud burst and on two of its components, i.e. growth of preformed leaves and meristem organogenesis in six cultivars from three Rosa species (R. hybrida L., R. chinensis L., R. wichurana L.). ...

The Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) protein plays a crucial role during late seed development and has an additional function at the vegetative meristem, particularly during periods of growth-arresting conditions and quiescence. Here, we show that the ABI3 homolog of poplar (PtABI3) is expressed in buds during natural bud set. Expression occurs clearly after perception of the criti...

Bassia latifolia bud and Cajanus cajan seed were evaluated for anti-fertility activity in mature female mice. Anti-fertility activity was evaluated by observing the estrus cycle, body weight, wet weight of ovaries, steroidogenic enzymes, and substrates. Bassia latifolia bud and Cajanus cajan seed extract arrested normal oestrous cycle at dioestrous stage. The decrease in weight of ovar...