Epilepsy classification is close to the heart of every clinician because it affects every consultation. Acceptance of change to fundamental concepts is difficult and implementation of new ideas requires considerable effort. It is therefore not surprising that the 2010 Organization of the epilepsies has evoked much passion and its fair share of criticism and controversy. Debate has been positive...

■ Abstract Pluto and Charon, once thought to be a singular system in an odd orbit at the edge of the solar system, are now known as members of a vast population of icy bodies beyond Neptune. Models for the occurrence of the odd orbit and formation of these bodies in the context of the total population are reviewed. Pluto’s orbital characteristics, coupled with the existence of volatiles on the ...

have also played a role in the evolution of host genomic regulatory complexity. At each end of the ERV genome are long terminal repeats (LTRs), which contain regulatory sequences that can alter the expression, splicing, and polyadenylation of those host genes located near the ERV insertion site. LTRs regulate the cell type that the virus replicates in by controlling its expression, and so can b...

A significant increase in summer temperatures has been observed for the period 1996-2011 in Poznań, Poland. The phenological response of four weed taxa, widely represented by anemophilous species (Artemisia spp., Rumex spp. and Poaceae and Urticaceae species) to this recent climate warming has been analysed in Poznań by examining the variations in the course of airborne pollen seasons. Pollen d...